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Throughout the nervous system, the predominant mode of neuron to neuron and neuron to effector (muscle or gland) transmission involves the conversion of an electrical event in the presynaptic neuron (A.P.) to a chemical event (secretion of neurotransmitter) and then back to an electrical event (A.P.) in the postsynaptic cell. Interference with any step in the sequence has significant effects on nerve and/or effector function.
Botulinum toxin causes paralysis. It binds to presynaptic sites at the motor end plate and prevents the release of neurotransmitter from vesicles.
A) What would happen to resting membrane potential if the sodium-potassium pump stopped working (due to a lack of ATP for example)? Explain.
B) What will happen to resting membrane potential if potassiumsuccinate were injected into the intracellular environment (cytoplasm) of a neuron? Explain.
What do graphs of alternate stable states look like for two populations being modeled by the Lotka-Volterra competition equations? It is given that the population size will be on the y axis and time will be on the axis.
Why does a defective CFTR lead to decrease hydration of the mucus layer in the airways?
In your own words, what is homeostasis? Explain completely. What happens when homeostasis is not maintained?
Explain the principle and advantage of using a rapid identification system, such as the Enterotube. How would you rate the Enterotube system with conventional bacteriological procedures to identify members of the Enterobacteriaceae family? Why?
how many possible fragments can be presented via MHC class I and/or II from these specific examples and in general for all oligoglycosyceramides? Explain your answer.
In rats, gene B produces black coat color if the genotype is B-, but black pigment is not manufactured if the genotype is bb.
A 78 year old women has a mean arterial pressure of 120 mmHg and a heart rate of sixty bpm. She has a stroke volume of 50 mL, cardiac output of 3000 mL/min and a right atrial pressure of 0 mmHg.
Preliminary trials suggest that the drug tamoxifen, antiestrogen commonly use to treat breast cancer, is useful in treating biopolar disorder. Tamoxifen is an inhibitor of Protein Kinase C.
Explain how the rise in prominence of one major group (angiosperms) does not necessarily result in the total replacement of a previously dominant group(gymnosperms)?
Explain the term "ecotype" and the significanace relative to revegatation of an are that has been burned?
What would happen if the I gene was moved to a different location in the genome? What would happen if the lac promoter was moved to a different location?
compare and contrast how genotype and phenotype are determined in normal sexual reproduction with how they are determined in this type of cloning.
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