Reference no: EM131958761 , Length: word count:1200
Chapter: Phonetics
Question 7 (p.262)
7 In each of the following pairs of words, the bold italicised sounds differ by one or more phonetic properties (features). Give the symbol for each italicised sound, state their differences and, in addition, state what properties they have in common.
Example: hood - hoot
The oo in hood is short, high, back, and round.
The oo in hoot is long, high, central, and round.
Both are high round vowels.
a bath - bathe
b reduce - reduction
c receive - sieve
d wife - wives
e cats - dogs
f impolite - indecent
Question 11 (p.263-364)
11 Which of the following sound pairs have the same manner of articulation and what is that manner of articulation?
a [s] [t]
b [j] [1]
c [n] [m]
d [h] [v]
e [d] [Γ]
f [s] [∫]
g [k] [θ]
h [∫] [g]
i [b] [k]
j [d3] [j]
Chapter: Phonology
Question 10 (p.316)
10 Consider the following English verbs. Those in column A have stress on the next-to-last (penultimate) syllable, whereas the verbs in column B and C have their last syllable stressed.
A B C
radish cement ablaze
carrot resist approve
famine prevent advise
model result divine
elliptic adopt achieve
lattice enlist alone
Transcribe the words under columns A, B and C phonemically,
a Consider the phonemic structure of the stressed syllables in these verbs. What is the difference between the final syllables of the verbs in columns A and B? Formulate a rule that predicts where stress occurs in the verbs in columns A and B.
b In the verbs in column C, stress also occurs on the final syllable. What must you add to the rule to account for this fact? (Hint: For the forms in columns A and B, the final consonants had to be considered; for the forms in column C, consider the vowels.)
Question 11 (p.316-317)
11 The phonemic transcriptions of 10 'words' are given below. Some are English words, some are not words now but are possible words or nonsense words, and others are not possible because they violate English phonotactic constraints.
Write the English words in regular spelling. Mark the other words as possible or not possible. For each word you mark as not possible, state your reason.
Chapter: Morphology
17 The following are some verb forms in Chickasaw, a member of the Muskogean family of languages spoken in south-cent-al Oklahoma.' Chickasaw is an endangered language. Currently, there are only about 100 speakers of Chickasaw, most of whom are more than 70 years old.
sachaaha I am tall chaaha he or she is tall
chichaaha you are tall hoochaaha they are taLl.
satikahbi I am tired chitikahbitok you were tired
chichchokwa you are cold hopobatok he was hungry
hoohopobatok they were hungry sahopoba I am hungry
a What is the root morpheme for the following verbs?
i to be tall
ii to be hungry
b What is the morpheme meaning:
i past tense
ii 'I'
iii 'you'
iv 'he or she'?
c If the Chickasaw root for to be old' is sfpoiart, how would you say:
i 'You are old'
ii 'He was old'
iii 'They are old?
Question 19 (p.107)
19 Here are some data from the indigenous language Zoque spoken in Mexico. (The 7 is a glottal stop.) (Hint: Rearrange the data as in the Slavic example at the end of the chapter.)
sohsu he/it cooked cicpa he/it tears
witpa he/it walks kenu he/it looked
sikpa he/it laughs cihcu he/it tore
ka?u he/it died sospa he/it cooks
kenpa he/it looks wihtu he/it walked
sihku he/it laughed ka?pa heft dies
a What is the past-tense suffix?
b What is the present-tense suffix?
c This language has some verb stems that assume two forms. For each verb (or stem pair), give its meaning and form(s).
d What morphological environment determines which of the two forms occurs, when there are two?
Textbook
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., Hyams, N., Collins, P., Amberher, M. & Cox F. (2018). An introduction to Language. Australia St New Zealand 9th Edition_ South Melbourne: Cengage Learning.