Reference no: EM132253902

Linguistics Phonology Assignment -

Homework -

Problem 1: Natural classes

In this problem you will be provided with sets of sounds that form a natural class, along with one additional sound that is not a member of that class. Do the following for each set:

• Identify the sound that is not a member of the natural class defined by the other members of the set.
• Name the distinctive features that define the class to which the remaining sounds belong. Each natural class may be specified by just one feature, or by multiple features in combination. Pick the most specific feature specification possible in each case.

Problem 2: Phonemic analysis with natural classes

The following data is from Tohono O'odham, a Native American language with about 10,000 speakers, belonging to the Uto-Aztecan family. It is spoken mostly in the Sonoran Desert in southern Arizona and northern Mexico.

1. Compile a surface (phonetic) inventory for Tohono O'odham based on this data. You can assume that all vowels come in both long and short forms.

2. Determine the phonemic relationship. Justify your analysis using the data given above. Write allophonic rule(s), using distinctive features, to capture any allophonic relationships present in the data.

Final exam -

Problem 1: Tibetan

These are some numerals from Tibetan, a Bodish language with over 5 million speakers.

Your write-up should address the following:

1. What is the order of morphemes in Tibetan numerals? That is, where do the ones, tens, et cetera go relative to each other?

2. What are the underlying forms of all the morphemes in the data? Provide a 'lexicon' that shows the underlying representation for each morpheme.

3. What alternations are found in these data? Can we make any generalizations about when these alternations will occur?

4. Do these generalizations suggest anything about Tibetan syllable structure? If so, what do they suggest? Based on these data, what is the syllable template for Tibetan?

5. Write a rule, making reference to syllable structure, that accounts for the forms given above. You are allowed to use A → B / X _ Y notation for this rule, but you should try to make your rule as simple as possible.

6. Provide sample derivations that show your rule at work and not at work.

Problem 2: Somali

The following data from Somali (Afro-Asiatic, Somalia) illustrates four processes.

The four processes are illustrated by the following examples:

• Process A is illustrated by stem alternations in the forms in (3).
• Process B is illustrated by stem alternations in the forms in (17).
• Process C is illustrated by stem alternations in the forms in (18).
• Process D is illustrated by the affix alternations in the singular definite.

Write up your analysis as succinctly, but completely, as you can. Your analysis should include the following:

1. A table showing the underlying representations and surface allomorphs of all 29 morphemes in the data set (including both roots and affixes). Remember: since there are three morphological contexts in the data set, each root could have 1, 2, or 3 distinct surface allomorphs.

2. For each of A-D, a statement describing the alternation and its contexts.

3. A formal definition of each rule A-D written using distinctive features.

• Remember to write your rules as simply and generally as possible.
• You should also identify whether the proposed rules are neutralizing or non-neutralizing.

4. Present any required rule orderings. Which rules must precede other rules? Support your rule ordering claims with reference to specific examples, explaining what would happen if the proposed rule orderings were different. Which rule orderings don't matter? That is, what other possible rule orders will work (if any)?

For each of the crucial rule orderings, identify the rule interaction (feeding, bleeding, counterfeeding, counterbleeding) between the two rules.

A few notes:

You should assume that all instances of [s t d n l r] are in fact dental [s t d n l r].

You should only need four rules to account for this data.

You can use whatever notational system you'd like to write your rules, but you are strongly encouraged to:

• Use distinctive features when called for.
• Consider whether syllabification might play a role in any of these alternations.

Note - Detailed deception for both Homework and Final Exam are in attached file.

Attachment:- Assignment Files.rar