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1. Which of the following is the same as the mean?a. medianb. sumc. arithmetic averaged. logarithm2. The process of reversing the positions of two variables is called ____.a. sortingb. swappingc. selectingd. inserting3. Which of the following is considered to be a popular coding scheme?a. ASCIIb. EBCDICc. Unicoded. All of the above4. An array must have a(n) ____ size.a. finiteb. infinitec. randomd. small5. What is the name of the flag variable in the following code?sortScores()pairsToCompare = numberOfEls - 1switchOccurred = "Yes"while switchOccurred = "Yes"x = 0switchOccurred = "No"while x if score[x] > score[x + 1] thenperform switchValues()switchOccurred = "Yes"endifx = x + 1endwhilepairsToCompare = pairsToCompare - 1endwhilereturna. switchOccurredb. pairsToComparec. numberOfElsd. x6. What is the purpose of the flag variable in a bubble sort?a. to eliminate unnecessary swapsb. to eliminate unnecessary comparisonsc. to stop as soon as the list is sortedd. to sort an array of unknown size7. Which of the following sorting methods is least efficient?a. insertionb. selectionc. basic bubble sortd. optimized bubble sort8. Why is a bubble sort often presented first when learning sortingmethods?a. it is the fastestb. it is the most efficientc. it is easiest to understandd. it uses fewer loops than other methods9. In a(n) ____ sort all of the array elements are moved to make room for the newly sorted element.a. swapb. selectionc. bubbled. insertion10. In a(n) ascending ____ sort the first element in the array is assumed to be the smallest.a. bubbleb. swapc. selectiond. insertion11. When a large amount of data needs to be sorted, it is more efficient to store the logical order and the physical address in a(n) ____ thanto sort the data.a. indexb. arrayc. memory addressd. linked list12. What is an example of a batch program?a. Internet browserb. airplane reservation systemc. payroll processing systemd. word processing program13. What is another name for an interactive program?a. batch programb. real-time applicationc. menu programd. offline program14. Menus are used in ____ programs.a. batchb. interactivec. command-lined. offline15. A menu without a ____ is very frustrating for a user.a. quit optionb. save optionc. submenud. console16. Many organizations provide a(n) ____ menu to callers to handle routing of telephone calls.a. audiob. graphical user interfacec. batchd. console17. Module statements that are "invisible" to the rest of the program are said to be in a(n) ____.a. functionb. black boxc. orange triangled. loop18. In programming, there is a saying that no program is ever really ____.a. originalb. elegantc. well-writtend. completed19. When a menu contains numerous options, it is more elegant to usea(n) ____ structure than a series of decisions.a. caseb. loopc. if then elsed. batch20. Programs that make it easy for the user to make desired choices aretermed ____.a. completeb. elegantc. user-friendlyd. windows21. ____ values can hold both letters and numbers.a. Numericb. Booleanc. Characterd. Black box22. When using a case structure to process a menu selection, a program with four menu options will require ____ cases.a. 1b. 3c. 4d. 523. Programs that anticipate user errors employ ____ programming.a. poorb. defensivec. elegantd. weak24. A file with ordered records is a ____ file.a. sortedb. sequentialc. temporald. random25. Frequently records are stored in order of their ____ field.a. primaryb. uniquec. keyd. numeric26. What record will appear first in a merged file created from the two files listed below?East Coast FileeastName eastBalanceAble 100.00Brown 50.00Dougherty 25.00Hanson 300.00Ingram 400.00Johnson 30.00West Coast FilewestName westBalanceChen 200.00Edgar 125.00Fell 75.00Grand 100.00a. Able 100.00b. Chen 200.00c. Grand 100.00d. Johnson 30.0027. What type of variable controls the main loop of a file merging program?a. temporaryb. filec. flagd. character28. When merging, a ____ is used to determine which file the next record comes from.a. comparisonb. loopc. sequenced. flag29. What action does a merging program take after it writes a record from file 2?a. writes the next entry from file 1b. writes the next entry from file 2c. reads the next entry from file 2d. reads the next entry from file 130. When merging two files, an eof condition is detected in one file. In order to continue processing a ____ value is set in the comparisonvariable.a. dumbb. highc. nulld. flag31. Which of the following would be the best character high value?a. AAAAAAAAb. ABCc. Xd. ZZZZZZZZZZ32. Why might it be a good idea to create a copy of the master file before updating it?a. more efficientb. creating a copy eliminates duplicate valuesc. takes less timed. in case there are questions regarding the update process33. When a child file is updated, it becomes a parent, and its parent becomes a ____.a. merged fileb. transaction filec. grandparentd. master34. When writing a program to match master and transaction methods, what should happen when the value of the master key is greaterthan the transaction key?a. an error has occurred and should be loggedb. there are no changes to the masterc. the master should be updatedd. the transaction should be updated35. When updating a master file with data from a transaction file, what should happen for an addition record when a match is found in themaster file?a. an update should be madeb. an error message should be printedc. the master record should be removedd. a new record should be added36. What happens during a merging program when both input files contain the same value?a. an error occursb. the program exitsc. two identical records will appear in the merged filed. only one record will appear in the merged file37. One of the benefits of ____ is that each module needs to use only the variable names declared within it, so multiple programmers cancreate the individual modules without knowing the data names usedby the other modules.a. encapsulationb. abstractionc. modularizationd. cohesion38. In most modern programming languages such as Java and C++, parameters in the header are separated by the ____ character.a. . (period)b. , (comma)c. * (asterisk)d. # (pound)39. The ____ statement passes a value back to the calling module.a. returnb. exitc. passd. value40. You should examine the ____ of a programming language to see what functions it provides.a. methodsb. documentationc. Web sited. compiler41. A device that you can use without understanding the internal workings is a ____.a. subroutineb. black boxc. blue triangled. computer42. You need to understand a subroutine's ____ in order to use it.a. internal structureb. local variablesc. programming styled. interface43. The variable's ____ in no way affects how the method is called from another module.a. local nameb. data typec. sized. definition44. When designing modules to use within larger programs, some programmers find it helpful to use a(n) ____ chart, a tool thatidentifies and categorizes each item needed within the module as pertaining to input, processing, or output.a. printerb. IPOc. Sladd. I/O45. To beginning programmers, using only ____ variables seems like a far simpler option than declaring local variables and being requiredto pass them from one module to another.a. globalb. sharedc. undeclaredd. constant46. Passing values to a module helps facilitate ____.a. confusionb. encapsulationc. sharingd. black boxes47. ____ is a feature of programs or modules that have been tested and proven to work correctly.a. Reusabilityb. Expensec. Reliabilityd. Efficiency48. ____ cohesion occurs in modules that perform tasks that share data.a. Proceduralb. Functionalc. Communicationald. Sequential49. A module that performs tasks based on a decision statement has____ cohesion.a. proceduralb. temporalc. logicald. functional50. A housekeeping routine exhibits ____ cohesion.a. functionalb. temporalc. procedurald. logical
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