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The rough ER is the site of synthesis of many different classes of membrane protein. Some of these proteins remain in the ER, whereas others are sorted to compartments such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane (PM). One measure of the difficulty of the sorting problem is the degree of "purification" that must be achieved during transport from the ER to the other compartments. For example, if membrane proteins bound for the PM represented 90% of all the proteins in the ER, then only a small degree of purification would be needed (and the sorting problem would appear relatively easy). On the other hand, if PM proteins represented only 0.01% of the proteins in the ER, a very large degree of purification would be required (and the sorting problem would appear much more difficult).
What is the magnitude of the sorting problem? What fraction of membrane proteins in the ER are destined for other compartments?
The gene that encodes a human's ability to differentiate red/green colors is X-linked. A mutant allele of this gene results in red/green colorblindness, and it is recessive to the wild-type version.
Assume y ou are studying a gene, and its effects on skin cells. You want to find out if the protein made encoded by this gene binds to DNA in a particular place
List and describe at least three cellular features of bacteria that could be targeted to inhibit or kill bacterial pathogen. Which is a significant flaw in this experimental set-up.
What is an advantage of using GFP fusions to visualize specific proteins, instead of staining cells with fluorescently labelled probes that bind to the target protein.
Atherosclerosis is the progressive disease of blood vessels that is responsible for millions of death each year. Explain disease process, noting the involvement of specific cell/tissue types and molecules.
Suppose that you are working with Drosophila and are studying genes, a, b, c, d, e, and f that are all linked in a region on a chromosome, but their order is unknown.
Three dominant traits of corn seedlings, tunicate seed, glossy appearance, and liguled stem, are studied along with their recessive counterparts, nontunicate.
Is it harder to prove a hypothesis than to disprove it? Suppose you wanted to establish that cheetahs are fastest land animals, and suppose you've the ability to clock any animal moving at its top speed.
The main principles of evolution are outline below. Using the principles of evolution as a guide, describe how antibacterial resistance happens OR describe how different skin pigmentation evolved in the human population.
Create a Dichotomous Key using the following Bacteria. You are only allowed to use the characteristics listed in organizing your Dichotomous Key.
A section of the E. coli genome that encodes the pheM protein. Write out and label: the reverse complement, the mRNA sequence.
Based on human logic, if a parasite kills its host it is also harming itself. Tapeworms then appear to be perfect parasites because they cause very few symptoms in the host.
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