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Q. Lecture Whooping Cough Bordetella pertussis is causative agent of whooping cough. Describe the stages of whooping cough and the associated steps in infection. Where and how do the organisms colonize its host? Explain the model systems for studying B. pertussis infection. What are the advantages or disadvantages of each? B. pertussis produces a diversity of virulence factors. What B. pertussis virulence factors are associated with adherence? What evidence has been presented to support the role of these molecules in adherence? Illustrate the structure and function of the toxins produced by B. pertussis. B. pertussis virulence genes are regulated by a series of regulatory elements. What are environmental signals involved in regulating virulence gene expression? What is the dissimilarity between vag and vrg genes? How are BvgS and BvgA involved in regulation of virulence genes? What is a phase variation in B. pertussis and what causes it?
The bases in this "glyceronucleic acid" are symbolized as B, D, H, and U. The monomers are linked during phospodiester bonds and the bases form hydrogen bonds between the strands according to the following rules; for every B, there are twice as many ..
Explain the physiological connections between calcium blood levels and the actions of calcitriol, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone. What are the dangers if one of these is not working properly? Now consider large number of postmenopausal women tak..
Freckles are due to dominant alleles (F), and no freckles are due to recessive alleles (f). Ted and Mary both have freckles, but their son Billy has no freckles. Give the genotypes of Ted, Mary and Billy. If Ted and Mary have additional children, wha..
In this example, for every base designated Q, there is twice that amount of base R; for every base Z, there is twice that amount of base S. If molecule contains 33.33 percent R, what percentage of Z would you expect.
How is the lifestyle of many radially symmetrical animals different from that of bilaterally symmetrical animals? Explain how the body plan complements the lifestyle using two animals as examples.
When an experiment is repeated with a protein medium, yeasts grow only in the presence of oxygen. Pasteur concluded that the yeasts can take oxygen from air, and in the absence of air, the yeasts take oxygen from sugar.
Osmometer cells in the brain sense an increase in concentration of the blood plasma. They then notify the posterior pituitary gland to release the hormone, ADH. This hormone causes the kidney to save water that lowers the concentration of the plasma.
Both the endocrine and nervous system are main regulating systems of the body though the nervous system has been compared to an airmail delivery system and the endocrine system to the pony express. Briefly explain the comparison.
An inbred mouse that expresses Db and Kb is crossed with an inbred mouse that expresses no class I MHC. The F1 offspring are all DbKbKk.
What may have been the cause of this disease that generally strikes a person much older than Hank. Flask A contains yeast cells in glucose-minimal salts broth incubated at 30 C with aeration. Flask B contains yeast with cells in glucose-minimal salts..
Action potentials are usually generated at axon hillock and propagated down axon away from the cell body. If you experimentally depolarized an axon to the threshold level at a point halfway down the axon, what would happen.
A rabbit taken from a meadow near sea level and moved to a meadow high on a mountainside would have some trouble breathing. Why give an appropriate reason.
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