Reference no: EM133775107

MICROBIOME PROJECT PART

STEP 1:
Read the article, The gut microbiome in health and in disease, by Andrew Schreiner, John Kao and Vincent Young.
STEP 2:
Answer the following questions. Answers must be consistent with the article or you will not receive credit. If you want to compare the findings of another article you may (cite outside resources and include links).

#1 identify the basic properties of microbial anatomy and physiology
• What was the overall efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplants in these patients? (CLO #1)
• It is an obligate anaerobe. What does that mean? (CLO #1)
• Clostridium difficile survives desiccation, heat, and cleaning chemicals. This makes it a serious concern for medical facilities.
• What special ability confers this virulence factor? (CLO #1)

#2distinguish between microorganisms based on their characteristics
Refer to the paragraph titled: Structure and dynamics of the healthy adult microbiota
• What is something that you learned about typical human microbiomes? What surprised you? (CLO #2)
• The fecal transplant increased the population of what types of bacteria? (CLO #2)
• The fecal transplant decreased the population of what types of bacteria? (CLO #2)

#3classify different types of microorganisms
Refer to the INTRODUCTION in the assigned article.
• What phyla of microbes populate the human body according to this article? (CLO #3)
Read the paragraph, Clostridium difficile infection
• What domain of life is Clostridium difficile classified in? (CLO #3)
• Is C. difficile Gram-positive or Gram-negative? (CLO #3)

#4recognize the ways that infectious diseases enter and affect the host
Refer to the paragraph titled: Metabolic functions of the microbiota.
• Give an example of how gut bacteria serve host digestion or nutrition. (CLO #4)

#5identify the defense mechanisms a host uses to fight infectious diseases
Refer to the paragraph titled: Structure and dynamics of the health adult microbiota
• Briefly describe the microbiome in a healthy adult. (CLO #5)
Refer to the paragraph titled: Structure and dynamics of the healthy adult microbiota
• Do you think having a wide variety of microbes are beneficial or are more likely to cause disease? (CLO #5)
• Did they have adverse reactions? (CLO #5)
• Who is susceptible to a C. difficile infection and where do these infections most often occur? (CLO #5)

#6explain how characterizing microorganisms applies in clinical situations
Refer to the INTRODUCTION in the assigned article.
• What impact do they have on our health? (CLO #6)

#7 define immunization and how it transpires
• How do different types of vaccinations relate to the interactions between the human microbiome and the host immune system? (CLO#7)

#8describe the different types of vaccination and how that correlates to the microorganism
• Is there a vaccination for C. difficile? Look at the vaccination schedule provided by the CDC. (CLO #8)

#9analyze the microbiological techniques and understand why they are used
• The assigned article discussed the use of a microbiota-based therapy, Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT). What is this? (You may need to Google this)
• What were the results of the 11 studies reviewed in the article? (CLO #9)
• What color would it stain if it were Gram stained? (CLO #9)
• Describe the cell wall structure of C. difficile based on what you know from the Gram stain. (CLO #9)
• What common bacterial shape (use the term we use in the course for credit) is C. difficile? (CLO #9)

#10apply the techniques to clinical situations
• Where did the researchers work when they published this article? (CLO #10)
• Does this seem like a credible source? Why or why not? (CLO #10)
• How many total patients were involved? (CLO #10)
• What year did the study take place? (CLO #10)