Reference no: EM133928274

Assignment:

Have to answers these questions from chapter 7 i.e. learning.

1. What are the three memory systems and three memory processes? Differentiate between encoding, storage, and retrieval of memories.
2. Describe sensory memory, in terms of its capacity and the duration of information that it records. How do we know?
3. How does information get transferred from sensory to short-term memory? What must happen?
4. How is information encoded in STM? What are the limitations of short-term memory in terms of capacity and of duration? Why is it also called working memory?
5. What is chunking? How does it help overcome capacity limitations?
6. The "levels of processing" approach to memory suggests that it is how we process information, regardless of intent to remember per se, which determines whether or not the material will be stored in LTM. Give an example of how this approach has been tested experimentally.
7. What are the three levels of encoding, according to this model? Provide an example of each. What is the most "durable" memory code?
8. What is enriched encoding?
9. What is elaboration? Give an example. Why does it help store information in LTM?
10. What is visual imagery? Differentiate between concrete and abstract words. Which are recalled more frequently from previously studied lists?
11. What is dual-coding and why does it help us remember?
12. Describe why an organization helps to store information in LTM. What is clustering?
13. What does it mean to say that information is stored in semantic networks? How does it help memory?
14. How does rehearsal affect memory? What is distributed practice and why does it help memory?
15. What is a retrieval cue? What's a flashbulb memory? Give an example of each.
16. How does context help memory retrieval? How does memory depend on the encoding retrieval match? Give an example.
17. What is state-dependent memory? Give an example. Discuss how it has been used to account for the thought patterns of depressed individuals.
18. How is memory reconstructive? Relate the concept of schemas to the reconstructive nature of memory.
19. What has research revealed about eyewitness testimony? Is it generally accurate? Is it reconstructive? What is the misinformation effect? Describe some reasons it may occur. How easy/hard is it to create false memories?
20. What is forgetting?
21. How does ineffective encoding explain forgetting? Describe three ways that encoding problems can result in forgetting.
22. Explain how the decay theory accounts for forgetting? Is the decay theory true? For all memory storage systems or just some?
23. How does interference theory explain forgetting? What's the difference between proactive and retroactive interference? Give an example of each.
24. What are retrieval failures? Give an example. How does emotion - especially anxiety - cause retrieval failure? Provide an example.