What are the monoamines and what are some examples?

Assignment Help Biology

Reference no: EM133478112

Assignment

Case Study: Parkinson's Disease

A physician examined Tarek, a 66-year-old man, because he displayed symptoms of Parkinson's disease: resting tremor, muscle rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness in the initiation and continuation of movement). This made it difficult for Tarek to perform daily tasks such as getting dressed, bathing, and many other activities. Further physical examination and a thorough history, together with an MRI to rule out alternative possibilities, confirmed the diagnosis. The physician placed Tarek on a dopamine agonist that can cross the blood-brain barrier and said that this could be supplemented later by levodopa, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), anticholinergics, and other medications.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, with concomitant loss of their projections to the dorsal striatum along the nigrostriatal pathway. This loss in dopaminergic neurotransmission results in involuntary motor control; the primary manifestation of Parkinson's disease. Dopamine is derived from L-dopa (levodopa) and is a monoamine degraded within presynaptic axons by the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). Dopaminergic neurons produce effects that are antagonized by ACh released by other neurons that synapse in the striatum. A drug must be able to cross the blood-brain barrier to be effective in treating neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease

Task

Question A. What are the monoamines and what are some examples?

Question B. What is the blood-brain barrier?

Question C. How would a dopamine agonist, levodopa, and an MAOI benefit Tarek with his Parkinson's disease?

Question D. What is an anticholinergic drug, and how would such a drug benefit Tarek?

Question E. Aside from voluntary motor control, name one other function served by dopamine in the brain and the associated brain region.

Question F. Parkinson's disease is also associated with the accumulation of Lewy bodies in the brain. What are Lewy bodies and how do they contribute to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease?

Reference no: EM133478112

Questions Cloud

Identify the approach you will be discussing : review the Action Focused Approaches covered this week and select one that you feel would be particularly useful in your preferred future work environment.

What happens to our world in the first days-months of life : What happens to our world in the first days/months of life after people? What about in 20, 50 and 100 years or more? What about centuries from now?

What is that example of : However, dolphins are placental mammals and possess vastly different DNA sequences and nervous systems than fish do. What is that example of?

How you design a sampling experiment on a real population : How would you design a sampling experiment on a real population of wild moose?

What are the monoamines and what are some examples? : What are the monoamines and what are some examples? How would a dopamine agonist, levodopa, and an MAOI benefit Tarek with his Parkinson's disease?

How diuretics and ace inhibitors act to lower blood pressure : How do diuretics and ACE inhibitors act to lower blood pressure? What is the mechanism that causes heart rate to increase upon standing?

What purpose do nets serve in inflammation and immunity : what are NETs, and what purpose do they serve in inflammation and immunity? What are a few of the major pathologies that NETs have been implicated in?

Explain your plan for diagnostics and primary diagnosis : What observations did you make during the physical assessment? Include pertinent positive and negative physical assessment findings.

Introduced several emerging technologies : Chapter 7 introduced several emerging technologies being used for learning and development.

User Account

All Pages