Reference no: EM132349305

Section I. Short answer.

1. What are point and non-point sources of pollution?

2. Symbiotic association between what two organisms is important to coral health?

3. What process provides energy to reef and estuary food webs?

4. Cite 3 abiotic factors that influence the types of organisms living in a reef ecosystem.

5. Why are marshes/wetlands/mangrove forests are critical to estuary and reefecosystems?

6. What is BOD and how is it increased?

7. What are three benefits provided to humans by forest ecosystems?

8. What processes bring nutrients to lake ecosystems?

9. What are the sources of nitrogen in forest ecosystems (natural and human-made)?

10. Why is biodiversity important in forest communities?

Section - II Explain in detail the following

1. Harmful algae blooms occur when water quality is altered by nutrients. What is the nutrient believed to trigger "toxic tides" in coastal waters and describe the sources and routes from the sites on land.

2. Diagram changes in water quality as nitrogen increases in an estuary. Include nitrogen concentration, phytoplankton concentrations, water clarity, SAV health, and dissolved oxygen.

3. Many activities in the Great Lakes watershed alter water quality. During these activities, water quality is degraded, ultimately impacting lake ecosystem structure and function. Pick two human activities and depict how they impact water quality and ecosystem structure and function in the Great Lakes.

4. Human additions of pollutants such as sulfur and nitrous oxides contribute to the phenomenon of "acid rain" and "nitrogen saturation". Describe how acid rain or nitrogen additions affect trees and soils in forest ecosystems.