Were the studies included in the systematic review

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Reference no: EM131727929

Evidence-based Public Health

ESSAY WRITING INSTRUCTIONS

Essay Title:

Cochrane review applicability discussion: Structured applicability of the Cochrane review by Saeterdal and colleagues on 'Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination' to [insert name of the country you have chosen].

INSTRUCTIONS

The perspective you will take as the author of the essay and the country you choose:

Imagine you are working in a health department in a country of your choosing. In your work, you have been asked to consider the applicability of the findings of a Cochrane review for your health system.

The background for this request is that a new policy is being developed to improve vaccination rates and the head of the Vaccination Section needs information about the effectiveness of various interventions in order to decide where investment should happen.

It is not your job to make a recommendation - only to consider the applicability of the interventions to your context, health system and society.

First, select which country you are in. It is sensible to choose a country and health system you know well or where you can get reliable information about vaccination. This can be from grey literature, that is,in government reports or articles which provide data on what is happening in your country.

1. Brief introduction outlining what your essay will be doing

2. A section which outlines the childhood vaccination issues for your country of choice

Please provide a section to set the context for your essay, ie outlines the childhood vaccination issues for the government/people living in your country of choice: rates, coverage, efforts to improve rates so far, etc. The information in this section must be derived from reports or articles that you find yourself, and that refers to data from your country of choice. However, if you have difficulty getting up-to-date data, you could use this World Bank site which has country data for DPT: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.IMM.IDPT.

3. A short summary of the findings of the Cochrane review you have chosen

Provide a short summary of the findings of the Cochrane review.

You may find additional useful information about the interventions in the Characteristics of Included Studies tables.

You do NOT need to go and find other evidence about effectiveness to support your choice of interventions.

4. A structured discussion of the five SUPPORT questions

This is the main part of the essay.

Conduct a structured assessment of the applicability of the Cochrane review, using the five-question SUPPORT check list to guide your structured assessment.

The five questions come from this open access article:

Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Souza NM, Lewin S, Gruen RL, Fretheim A. 2009.

SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health policymaking (STP) 9: Assessing the applicability of the findings of a systematic review. Health Research Policy and Systems 7 (Suppl 1): S9,

The five questions are:

1. Were the studies included in the systematic review conducted in the same setting or were the findings consistent across settings or time periods?

2. Are there important differences in on-the-ground realities and constraints that might substantially alter the feasibility and acceptability of an option?

3. Are there important differences in health system arrangements that may mean an option could not work in the same way?

4. Are there important differences in the baseline conditions that might yield different absolute effects even if the relative effectiveness was the same?

5. What insights can be drawn about options, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation?

Verified Expert

The paper discusses about the vaccination and immunization in the Ghana. The country is very less informative about the vaccinations nd this lead to high mortality rate below 5 years of age. the paper is prepared after Cochrane review and the five questions o Cochrane review has been answered. The paper is provided for 3300 words. 17 references and intext citation provided. Font: Times new roman Bibliograhy: Harvard AGPS double spacing Size: 12pt

Reference no: EM131727929

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Reviews

inf1727929

12/30/2017 5:15:32 AM

you have discussed about the cochrane systematic review that has been included in the instructions file The answer to first question (Were the studies included in the systematic review conducted in the same setting or were the findings consistent across settings or time periods? ) you have just described general and speak about the studies the cochrane review included that was done in pakistan and india there is a comparision between the socio-economic status of Pakistan and India against the ghana and writer speak about the vaccination uptake rates in pakistan and india against ghana study time periods are mentioned as asked also the title of the review is "Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination" which expert has mentioned at the top of the page in Q.3 here you talked about the framework and policymakers about ghana and about the original systematic review, there is also comparison and discussion in relation to that of different health system arrangements were there in pakistan and india. Thank you very much for providing the quality solution and on time delivery, Thanks.

inf1727929

12/30/2017 5:15:12 AM

the references should be more than or atleast 15 and should be in APA6 style..... also please make sure you stick to the instructions can you please let me know which country you will be choosing.... If you choose a large country such as India, you may find it more sensible to choose a state or region, because discussing country-wide applicability issues would be challenging. and also please give headings and subheadings Choose ghana and india while answering the 5 questions that are there in the instructions file attached.if you read the instructions it is saying that "Imagine you are working in a health department in a country of your choosing. In your work, you have been asked to consider the applicability of the findings of a Cochrane review for your health system. hence so on......

len1727929

11/18/2017 12:37:31 AM

Expression Intelligible, although frequent errors in word choice, accuracy, expression or style may cause some strain for the reader. There are some errors in word choice and/or grammar, expression or style but these do not interfere with understanding. Shows confidence in academic writing; contains only minor errors in spelling and grammar. Clear and concise written expression. Formatting& referencing Limited ability to paraphrase &/or overuse of direct quotes. Little evidence of ability to reference correctly. There are some problems with paraphrasing &/or over use of direct quotations. Demonstrates a basic understanding of referencing conventions. Selected source material is most incorporated correctly and appropriately and the author’s voice is clear. There may be minor errors in referencing. Selected source material is incorporated seamlessly and effectively into the writing and referenced correctly.

len1727929

11/18/2017 12:37:23 AM

Addressing the Topic Provides some evidence of having read and thought about the assessment requirement. Has some understanding of key issues and concepts. Has not completely grasped the issue of how the findings can be applied to policy or practice. Shows some independent thinking about the assessment requirement. Demonstrates a reasonable understanding of key issues and concepts. Has some understanding of the issues associated with the application of the findings to policy or practice. Responds thoughtfully to the assessment task. Demonstrates a good understanding of key issues and concepts. Demonstrates awareness of how the review question has been framed and the implications for the findings applied to policy or practice. A sophisticated approach to the assessment task. Demonstrates a solid understanding of key issues and concepts. Demonstrates awareness of the scope of the review, and the implications for the findings applied to policy or practice.

len1727929

11/18/2017 12:37:18 AM

Please address all five questions. Please read the whole of the Lavis SUPPORT article first, because it has clear instructions and some guidance (see Tables 1 & 2) on how to conduct a structured assessment of applicability of the evidence from the review to your setting. In preparing your answers to these five questions, you must draw on relevant literature provided in the subject, including at least two of the following: • Issues with public health evidence: see Frommer M & Rychetnik L (2003) ‘From Evidence-Based Medicine to Evidence-Based Public Health’ In V. Lin and B. Gibson (eds) Evidence-Based Health Policy: Problems and Possibilities Oxford: Oxford University Press, p56-69. This will be on the LMS. • Issues in the knowledge to action cycle: see Graham ID, Logan J, Harrison MB, Straus SE, Tetroe J, Caswell W, Robinson N. (2006) Lost in knowledge translation: time for a map? J Contin Educ Health Prof: 26(1):13-24.

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