Visualizing meiosis and meiosis simulation

Assignment Help Biology

Reference no: EM133933380

Question

Visualizing Meiosis with 2n=4 somatic cell

Meiosis Simulation

1. Visualize the 2n=4 somatic cell initiating prophase of meiosis I. This is when synapsis occurs and homologous pairs of chromosomes form tetrads

How many tetrad complexes are formed when 2n=4?
How many chromatids are present in each tetrad? Are they genetically identical or genetically distinct?

2. Crossing over occurs while the chromosomes are arranged into this tetrad format. Imagine one crossing over event for each tetrad.

What would one notice about the color combinations generated by cross-over events?
What are the genetic implications of these color differences?
How many types of genetically distinct chromatids were present in each tetrad prior to crossing over?
How many different types of chromatids are present in each tetrad after crossing over?

3. Align the tetrads at the metaphase plate, mid-way between the two centrosomes.

Where are the homologous pairs of chromosomes at this stage?
How were the homologous pairs arranged relative to each other at metaphase in mitotic division?

4. In anaphase of meiosis I, the tetrad structure is broken and one chromosome of each type (still consisting of a pair of sister chromatids) moves towards each of the centrosomes. By telophase of meiosis I, these sets of chromosomes are at opposite ends of the cell and (usually) the nuclear membrane reforms around each set.

How many homologous pairs of chromosomes are there?
How many chromatids is each chromosome composed of? Are they genetically identical? Would they be genetically identical if recombination had not taken place?
How many different combinations of chromosomes would it be possible to generate in the telophase nuclei if recombination had not taken place?
When recombination does take place, does this produce a larger or smaller number of combinations?

5. Cytokinesis of meiosis I now takes place.

How many cells have been generated?
Are these cells haploid or diploid?

6. In Meiosis II, the cells you just produced split again. Simulate prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis of meiosis II.

How many nuclei and cells are now present?
How many chromosomes are present in each cell?
How many cells did you have when meiosis began, and how many chromosomes were present in each cell at that point?
Are the cells produced haploid or diploid?
Are the gametic cells produced through this process of meiosis genetically identical or genetically distinct? If recombination had not taken place in prophase of meiosis I, how many genetically distinct cell types would be present?

7. If these gametes were to undergo fertilization, would the resulting cell be haploid or diploid?

Reference no: EM133933380

Questions Cloud

Juvenile Diabetes : They told me that this is different from the Juvenile Diabetes that your cousin John has had since he was two years old. How are these diseases different?

Of the biological-phenetic or phylogenetic species concepts : Of the biological, phenetic, or phylogenetic species concepts, which would be most applicable to your classification? Why?

What is gel electrophoresis and what is restriction enzyme : What is DNA made of? What is a restriction enzyme? What is a DNA ligase? What is a DNA polymerase? What is gel electrophoresis?

Ryan predicted that people who eat high-fat foods : Ryan predicted that people who eat high-fat foods every day will have higher cholesterol than people who eat low-fat foods.

Visualizing meiosis and meiosis simulation : Crossing over occurs while the chromosomes are arranged into this tetrad format. Imagine one crossing over event for each tetrad.

Of the biological-phenetic or phylogenetic species concepts : Of the biological, phenetic, or phylogenetic species concepts, which would be most applicable to your classification? Why?

How does antifreeze peptides adsorb ice crystals : How does antifreeze peptides adsorb ice crystals and inhibit their growth? Even though the origin of antifreezes is different,

Describe the process of photosynthesis : Describe the process of photosynthesis. What is starch, and how is it related to photosynthesis? Explain why grass is green.

Explain how chromosomal theory of inheritance : Explain how the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance helped to advance our understanding of genetics.

User Account

All Pages