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Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) as a byproduct of crude oil vacuum distillation is sent to a hydro-cracking unit for upgrading. The flow rate of VGO is 30000 bbl/day. The flow rate of hydrogen rich gas (make-up hydrogen and recycled hydrogen) is 4000 scf/bbl of VGO. Considering the following conditions, design the hydro-cracking unit (diameter and height of the reactor).- Operating temperature 350-400 C- Operating pressure 10-14 MPa- Catalysts are spherical in shape, diameter = 3 mm, bed voidage = 0.40- Nitrogen and sulfur are completely converted to H2S and NH3- Liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) = 1 h-1- Maximum allowable pressure drop = 20 kPa/m of the catalyst bed- Length to diameter ratio of the catalyst bed should not be larger than 1.5 m- Operational pressure drop should be kept much lower than maximum value for safe and continuous operation, take between 10 - 20% of maximum pressure drop.Feed conditions at 400 C and 12 MPa:Liquid phase:Density: 720 kg/m3Viscosity:1.778 x 10-5 Pa.sGas phase:Density: 12.68 kg/m3Viscosity: 0.000134 Pa.sAssume 1 meter spacing between the beds for redistribution and heat transfer.Also assume 1.5 m on top and the bottom of the reactor.Ergun equation:ε = voidage μ = fluid viscosity A = cross sectional area of the reactorρf = liquid density dp = Particle diameter Q = flow rate1 bbl = 0.15898 m3 1 scf = 0.0283 m3
Why is the concept of victim precipitation so controversial? Do you feel the concept is adequately supported by evidence?
This solution provides the student with an understanding of the negotiation process and investigates the effects that culturally based value systems have on the various stages of the negotiation process.
Make a methodology for assessing the credibility and reliability of sources of the CAM information.
WorldCom Corporation, the second largest telecommunications company in United States-Should these employees be held responsible for their actions, since they were "following orders"?
Select the country other than the United States. Write down the main diversity concerns for that country and which groups are dominant and non-dominant?
Critically discuss the relationship between ethical and value systems? Which precedes the other and why? Why are understanding acceptance, and application of ethics important to individuals and groups?
Optimization models are often used to- project future conditions and predict the effect of these conditions on sales. determine the proper mix of products within a given market to maximize profits.
Include the diversity of the causes, with regard to any religious, cultural, racial, gender, political, or economic issues that contribute to instability.
Compare and contrast primary and secondary waves. How are they used to determine the nature of the layers of earth?
Should former employees also be compelled to produce corporate record in their possession? Why or why not?
A 1 meter diameter cylindrical mass, M, is connected to a 2 meter wide rectangular gate. The gate is to open when the water level, h, drops below 2.5 meters. Determine the required value for M. Neglect friction at the gate hinge and pulley.
Although nationalism created political problems in many nineteenth-century European states, it may have been a postive force increasing a sense of naional identity in?
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