Reference no: EM131634308

POLITICAL SCIENCE I (AFRS 161) ,DAVID L. HORNE, PH.D FALL, 2016

PART I: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The State of California has ______ Constitutional Officers, and was incorporated as a state in ________

A. 9, 1846

B. 12, 1850

C. 15, 1879

D. 25, 1856

E. 10, 1901

2. All but which of the following are California state constitutional officers?

A. State Superintendent

B. State Controller

C. Minister of Defense

D. Board of Equalization

E. Governor

3. California has _____cities and ______counties.

A. 850, 98

B. 480, 58

C. 1000, 50

D. 35, 45

E. 78, 90

4. There are two basic kinds of cities in California:

A. Legal and Unincorporated

B. Municipalities and urban areas

C. General Law and Charter

D. Mayoral and City Council

E. Big & Small

5. The ______Neighborhood Empowerment Councils are part of L.A. City government because of

A. 67, State Law

C. 5, Mayoral Proclamation

E. 56, County Law

B. 15, City Council Legislation

D. 91, Citizen Votes on a new City Charter

6. The ___ ___ ____ became a national law the same year California joined the U.S., but California was a ___ ____ ____ from its outset, which meant that slavery was illegal by state constitutional law.

A. Nullification Law, Civil War state

C. Kansas-Nebraska Act, self-made state

B. Fugitive Slave Law, non-slave state

D. Missouri Compromise, No-Nothing State

7. ____ ______ and ____ _____ are the two best known former slaves in California, who won their freedom in court, by simply challenging the right of their so-called masters to hold them in bondage.

A. Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass

B. Biddy Mason & Archy Lee

C. Nat Turner & John Horse

D. Harriet Jacobs & Mary

E. Pleasant

8. California, like the national government, has a ________legislature. There are _____members of the State Assembly and _____ members of the State Senate.

A. Fractured, 75, 35

B. Bicameral, 80, 40

C. Unicameral, 50, 50

D. Big, 15, 79

E. Single Unit, 68, 95

9. California has had African Americans in all but which of the following executive government jobs?

A. Governor of the State

B. Lieutenant Governor

C. Speaker of the Assembly

D. State Schools Superintendent

E. State Attorney General

10. California has by far the largest number of electoral votes in the presidential election every four years. California currently has _____electoral votes, and ______, the next largest, has ________.

A. 55, Texas, 38

B. 53, New York, 45

C. 65, Florida. 54

D. 38, Ohio, 28

E. 59, Massachusetts, 60

11. To become President of the U.S. (POTUS), a candidate needs to achieve ______ electoral college votes.

A. 300

B. 245

C. 195

D. 270

E. 1237

12. Recidivism, in the American system, means

A. Getting a receipt for welfare payments

C. Being elected repeatedly

B. Keeping current with national news

D. Going to prison repeatedly

13. Michelle Alexander's, The New Jim Crow, is about

A. Rap music being the new Minstrel Show

C. A new national dance craze

B. Mass incarceration of African Americans

D. Slavery by another name

E. Getting more African Americans elected into office

14. The "Rockefeller Laws" were and are important in America's
A. Attempts to police New York City
B. Attempts to stop police from shooting unarmed civilians
C. War on Drugs
D. Divestment project against the privatization of prisons
E. Electoral politics

15. According to the text, the most significant part of the U.S. governmental operation affecting the African American quest for legal/political equality has been and is:

A. The Civil Rights Movement

C. The election of 44 presidents

B. The Civil War

D. The 3/5 compromise to the U.S Constitution

E. Federalism and States' Rights

16. Beginning in the 18th century, the continuing attempt to achieve and maintain the political-economic equality and respected participation of African Americans in America's operations has been called in this class

A. Full integration

C. The Black Political Process

B. The Assimilation of African Americans

D. The Civil rights Movement

E. Oh, Happy Day !

17. The Dred Scott v. Sanford case essentially held that

A. slaves could not give testimony in court
B. African Americans at all levels were not citizens of the U.S.
C. The Fugitive Slave Law was legal
D. Black Americans were not protected by the U.S. Constitution
E. Once a slave, always a slave

18. What overturned the Dred Scott decision?

A. The U.S. Constitution

B. Maryland v. McCulloch

C. The 14th Amendment

D. Plessy v. Ferguson

E. The Civil Rights Law, 1875

19. What nullified the 3/5 Compromise in the U.S. Constitution?

A. A presidential Executive Order

B. The Judiciary Act, 1789

C. The 14th Amendment

D. Plessy v. Ferguson

E. The 13th Amendment

20. The President of the U.S. can do all but which of the following?

A. Commander-in-chief of the U.S. military

B. Pardon an impeachment conviction

C. Issue legally enforceable Executive Orders

D. Call Congress back into session

E. Serve two consecutive terms in office

21. Reverse Discrimination is a concept

A. Mainly used to deal with gay and lesbian issues
B. No longer used in this country
C. Mainly used in affirmative action situations
D. Mainly concerns student loan programs
E. Usually applied in mixed marriage divorces

22. The signature ‘reverse discrimination' case was

A. Miranda v. U.S. C. Bakke v. U.

C. Davis E. Mapp v. Ohio

B. Marbury v. Madison

D. Lille Ledbetter v. Comstock

23. The primary difference between civil rights and civil liberties, according to class lectures, is that
A. The former is mainly about African Americans
B. The latter is mainly about the LBGT community
C. There is no difference
D. The former is about prison, the latter is about jail.
E. The former is about group rights, while the latter is about individual rights

24. The common denominator for civil rights and civil liberties is
A. The 14thAmendment C. The 3rd Amendment E. The Electoral College
B. The 10th Amendment D. Presidential involvement

25. Selective Incorporation in American jurisprudence generally means
A. Use of preferred or fundamental freedoms in civil rights/civil liberties cases
B. The Supremacy Clause
C. The Full Faith and Credit Clause
D. Being drafted into the U.S. military
E. Legalizing certain American corporations

26. The primary difference between human rights and civil rights is
A. One is for people, the other is for animals, guns, corporations, etc.
B. Natural rights versus congressionally legislated rights
C. Rights one is born with, and rights determined by a country's laws
D. There is no difference E. One is permanent, the other temporary

27. President Obama cannot run for a third term in office because?
A. He's tired, and his hair is turning white
B. The Republican-controlled Congress wants him out
C. The 22nd Amendment
D. The Civil rights Act of 1914
E. He has been impeached

28. According to class lectures, the majority of African Americans were at first fully immersed in the Republican Party, but left that party for the Democratic Party mainly because

I. The Republican Party became the party of white business interests by the 1930s
II. African American major migration from the South to the North and NorthEast
III. The activities of Franklin Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt
IV. WWI and WWII
V. The Republican Party united with the KKK and the John Birch Society

A. I, IV and V
B. II and III
C. All of the Above
D. Mainly V only
E. III, IV, V

29. What overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson case?
A. Engel v. Vitale
B. Lemon v. Kurtzman
C. Dred Scott v. Sanford
D. Brown v. Board E. Miranda v. Arizona

30. The current California State Attorney General is:
A. Mervyn Dymally
B. Loretta Sanchez
C. Kamala Harris
D. Jackie Lacey
E. The Good Wife

PART II. Answer the following 15 Analogy Questions

31. Ratification is to Re-Approval as
A. Presidential veto is to Congressional Override
B. Consent of the Governed (Popular Sovereignty) is to Majority Rule
C. Proportionate Representation is to size of population
D. Tripartite Government is to Federalism
E. Marble Cake Federalism is to Layer Cake Federalism

32. Judicial Review is to the U.S. federal court as
A. Concurrent Power is to Reserve Power
B. Executive Orders are to the President
C. Congress is to State Legislatures
D. Federalism is to Confederalism
E. Statism is to Confederalism

33. Majority Rule is to Plurality as
A. Specific Percentages Ahead are to Whoever Gets the Most Votes
B. 51% is to 66%
C. 66% is to 75 %
D. The greatest good is to the greatest number of winning votes cast
E. States' Rights are to Grants-in-Aid

34. Federalism is to Unfunded Mandates as
A. The Supremacy Clause is to States' Rights
B. The organization of partnership is to federal controls
C. Preemption is to block Grants
D. Unitary is to Confederalism
E. Tripartite Government is to the Articles of Confederation

35. Philadelphia is to Washington, D.C. as
A. Miami is to Florida
B. Sacramento is to Los Angeles
C. New York City is to New York State
D. San Diego is to San Francisco
E. First capital is to Second capital

36. Article I of the U.S. Constitution is to Congressional Authority as A. Article III is to Presidential Authority
B. Article II is to Judicial Discretion
C. The Bill of Rights is to American citizens
D. The 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments are to Black Americans
E. Governmental rules of authority are to Operating

37. The Necessary and Proper (Elastic ) Clause is to Implied Power as
A. Marbury v. Madison is to Maryland v. McCulloch
B. Virginia Plan is to the New Jersey plan
C. Establishment Clause is to Freedom of Religion
D. Reserve Clause is to the supremacy Clause
E. Full Faith and Credit Clause is to Gay marriage

38. Writ of Certiorari is to the Supreme Court's Original Jurisdiction as
A. Certificates of Appeal are to Cases Starting in the S.C.
B. State Election laws are to Federal election laws
C. Unfunded Mandates are to Dual Federalism
D. Horizontal is to Vertical Federalism
E. None of the Above

39. Central Government is to Unitary and Federalism as
A. National government is to confederalism
B. Federalists are to Antifederalists and Puritans C. Constitutionists are to those still believing in the A.O.C.
D. Parliament is to District towns and villages
E. Nigeria is to Ghana and Benin

40. Habeas Corpus is to Mandamus as
A. One writ is to another one
B. Mandamus is to Certiorari
C. Equal Protection is to Due Process
D. Elastic Clause is to Supremacy Clause
E. Presidential Veto is to Congressional Passage of Legislation

41. Constitutionalism is to American Democracy as

A. Parliament is to Great Britain
B. Federalism is to Nigeria
C. The Mayflower Compact is to Pilgrim government
D. Theocracy is to the Puritans
E. The Articles of Confederation are to the Virginia Plan

42. The Supremacy Clause', Article I, Section 8 is to Federal Government Powers as

A. Judicial Review is to the Supreme Court
B. Executive Orders are to the President
C. Inherent Powers are to the national conduct of foreign affairs
D. Impeachment is to the House of Representatives
E. Reservation Clause is to the States

43. Impoundment is to 2/3 Override as

A. Presidential power is to Congressional authority
B. Express powers are to enumerated powers
C. Impeachment is to the Senate
D. The Presidential budget proposal is to the House Ways and Means
Committee
E. Veto is to Congressional passage of legislation

44. The Articles of Confederation are to the U.S. Constitution as

A. Confederation is to federalism
B. Parliament is to Congress
C. Weak is to strong
D. A state-centered contract is to a federal-state partnership contract
E. Constitutional amendments are to the U.S. Constitution

45. Interest group politics are to American democracy as

A. The framework is to a house D. A man is to a woman
B. Cheese is to a pizza E. A mother is to a child
C. An engine is to an automobile

Part III: CONSTITUTIONAL MULTIPLE CHOICE

46. The number of justices of the U.S. Supreme Court (currently 9) is
a. Determined by the Supreme Court itself (specifically, the Chief Justice)
b. Determined by the President with the approval of the Senate
c. Dependent on the census every ten years
d. Not mentioned in the Constitution
e. Not subject change

47. Unless it shall by law appoint a different day, Congress shall assemble itself at noon on
a. January 10th
b. December 25th
c. January 3rd
d. December 15th
e. January 20th

48. In the next presidential election,
A. Votes of presidential electors shall be counted in the presence of the Incumbent (or outgoing) U.S. President B. The President might be chosen by national referendum
C. Electoral ballots will be directed to and opened by the President of the Senate (the U.S. Vice President)
D. The President will be chosen by popular vote regardless of the electoral vote
E. All of the electors will meet in Washington, D.C. and cast their ballots

49. When the President addresses Congress on the state of the union and recommends to them a legislative program, it is
A. Because he/she is the leader of the majority party in Congress at that time
B. At the request of Congress
C. Because he/she must see that his/her party platform is implemented
D. The only way he/she can carry out the campaign promises made
E. Because the Constitution authorizes him/her to do so

50. A privilege or right of the people not mentioned in the first 10 amendments is
A. Freedom of religion
B. Freedom to peaceably assemble and protest the government
C. Freedom to run for and hold public office
D. Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment
E. Freedom to keep and carry arms (guns, etc.)

51. The 22nd amendment concerns
A. The Presidency
B. The U.S. budget C. Prohibition
D. The U.S. Income Tax
E. Counterfeiting

52. The 19th amendment concerns
A. Prohibition
B. Child Labor
C. Women's suffrage
D. The election of U.S. Senators
E. Freedom of Speech and what it really means in the Constitution

53. A privilege or right of the people also not mentioned in the first 10 amendments is
A. The right to vote
B. The right speak freely
C. Freedom from excessive bail
D. Fair compensation for private property taken for governmental use
E. To petition the government for redress of grievances

54. Members of Congress, while in office, may

A. Hold no other U.S. offices

B. Be held responsible for libel and slander in U.S. courts for speeches made in Congress

C. Not be compelled to attend sessions of Congress when they want to be absent

D. Never be arrested while Congress is in session

E. Not be expelled by their fellow members of Congress

55. To be a member of the House of Representatives, one must be
A. At least 25 years old
B. At least 18 years old and registered to vote
C. At least 30 years old
D. At least 35 years old
E. Any age (No specific age required)

56. The oath of office of the President provides that he or she shall
A. Not leave the boundaries of the U.S. except in its interest
B. From time to time inform the Congress of the state of the Union
C. Not serve more than two terms
D. Hold no other U.S. office at the same time
E. Faithfully execute the office of the presidency

57. When the electors fail to choose a President, one is chosen by
A. Congress in special session
B. The House of Representatives alone
C. The legislatures of each state
D. The Senate alone
E. The Supreme Court, with the advice of the U.S. Senate

58. The times, place and manner of holding elections for members of the House of Representatives shall be prescribed by the
A. Congress of the U.S.
B. Legislatures of the states
C. President
D. Voters in each state
E. Executive authority in each state

59. The writ of habeas corpus may be suspended
A. Whenever the President may desire it
B. Automatically by a U.S. declaration of war
C. At the desire of Congress
D. By the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, with other justices concurring
E. When the public safety demands it in times of invasion or rebellion

60. Congress may
A. Make an ex-post facto law
B. Create titles of nobility
C. Issue letters of marque and reprisal
D. Pass a bill of Attainder
E. Lay a tariff on articles exported from any state

61. The court the Constitution specifically named and established is A. The Circuit Court of Appeals
B. The U.S. District Court
C. The U.S. Supreme Court
D. The U.S. Customs Court
E. The U.S. Court of Claims

62. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures
A. May be violated if the people are known criminals
B. May be set aside if the people are known Communists
C. May be violated if the U.S. is at war
D Shall not be violated
E May be violated by the F.B.I.

63. U.S. Senators are now chosen by:
A. The legislatures of the states
B. State primary elections
C. Party conventions in the states
D. Voters in regular state elections
E. Party caucuses

64. All of the following are important clauses contained in the U.S. Constitution, except
A. Extradition and Rendition
B. Interstate Commerce C. The Establishment Clause
D. Right to Have Votes Counted Clause
E. Necessary and Proper Clause

65. On being impeached and found guilty, one may
A. Be imprisoned for life
B. Never become an elected member of Congress
C. Not then be tried in the regular courts for the same offense
D. Be executed for his/her impeachment crimes
E. Appeal to the Supreme Court

66. Black Americans are in the American Constitution in each of the following places, except:

I. The 3/5 compromise clause in Article I
II. The 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments
III. Article III, Section 7
IV. Amendment 19, Women's Right to Vote
V. The 1964 and 1965 civil rights amendments

A. I, III, V only
B. I. IV only
C. III, IV and V
D. I, II only
E. Contained in All of the Items

67. Chicano and Latino Americans, in their quest for full political participation, will best be served by which of the following Constitutional features?

A. Ratification of Constitutional Amendments
B. Presidential Impeachment, Impoundment, and Pardons
C. Proportionate Representation
D. Congressional control of the national budgetary process
E. Bicameralism, Term Limits, Judicial Review and the Writ of Habeas Corpus

PART IV: GENERAL QUESTIONS

68. For the American Court System, which Writ below is considered the most important?

A. Writ of Certiorari
B. Writ of Mandamus
C. Writ of Habeas Corpus
D. Writ of Right
E. Writ of Prohibition

69. Stare Decisis is to the American Court System as:

A. Executive Orders are to the President of the U.S.
B. The Elastic Clause (aka, the "Necessary and Proper Clause") is to Congress
C. Political Parties are to American Democracy
D. Voting is to Republican Democracy
E. Partisanship is to Congressional Elections

70. The Supreme Court can overturn an Executive Order of the President (and Congress can pass resolutions or bills) to nullify an Executive Order ONLY WHEN:

A. The President is a Republican and the Supreme Court ( and Congress) are dominated by Democrats
B. The President has tried to declare war on another country
C. Congress is in regular session during the year
D. The President has issued an order outside of his/her constitutional authority
E. All of the Above

71. All of the following are considered Supreme Court principles or tests (used to determine whether or not the government will be allowed to violate the civil rights of its citizens), except:

A. Compelling Interest, Bad Tendency, Clear and Present Danger
B. Literacy Tests, Implied Powers, Sunshine Laws and the Reserve Clause
C. Expressive Conduct, the O'Brien Test, Rational Basis Test
D. The Lemon Test, Preferred Position, Pornography Test
E. Strict and Heightened Scrutiny, Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses

72. All of the following court cases are examples of the judiciary's interpretations of American civil rights, except:

A. Gitlow vs. New York
B. Roe vs. Wade
C. Gideon vs. Wainwright
D. Marbury vs. Madison
E. Escobedo vs. Illinois

73. The court case that resulted in the status quo arrangement of ‘no prayer allowed in American public schools' was

A. Brown vs. Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas
B. Dred Scott vs. Sanford
C. Mapp vs. Ohio
D. Gibbons vs. Ogden
E. Engel vs. Vitale

74. The three court cases that provided the current interpretation of citizens' rights to counsel (to an attorney) when poor but prosecuted in court, when under suspicion, and when placed under arrest are:

A. Marbury vs. Madison, Maryland vs. McCulloch, and Near vs. Minnesota
B. Plessy vs. Ferguson, Brown vs. Board, and Engel vs. Vitale
C. Gideon vs. Wainwright, Escobedo vs. Illinois, and Miranda vs. Arizona
D. Roe vs. Wade, Lemon vs. Kurtzman, and Gitlow vs. New York
E. Bakke vs. UC Davis, Mapp vs. Ohio, and Gibbons vs. Ogden

75. The three court cases that were crucial in establishing how we currently view the connection between the Bill of Rights and protection against both the federal and state goverment; how we view the government's establishment of religion; and how we interpret reverse discrimination, are:

A. Miranda vs. Arizona, Escobedo vs. Illinois, Near vs. Minnesota
B. Gitlow vs. New York, Lemon vs. Kurtzman, and Bakke vs. UC Davis
C. Brown vs. Board, Dred Scott vs. Sanford, and Marbury vs. Madison
D. Mapp vs. Ohio, Roe vs. Wade, Plessy vs. Ferguson
E. None of the Above

76. The court case most usually associated with legalizing Jim Crowism in America (the
doctrine of separate but equal), was

A. Brown vs. Board of Education
B. Plessy vs. Ferguson
C. Gideon vs. Wainwright
D. Near vs. Minnesota
E. Maryland vs. McCulloch

77. The court case most usually associated with legalizing abortion in America was

A. Brown vs. Board of Education
B. Bakke vs. UC DAvis
C. Dred Scott vs. Sanford
D. Roe vs. Wade
E. Marbury vs. Madison

78. The primary court case for the establishment of the exclusionary rule was

A. Mapp vs. Ohio
B. Near vs. Minnesota
C. Engel vs. Vitale
D. Lemon vs. Kurtzman
E. Gitlow vs. New York

79. All of the following are important clauses that are associated with the U.S. Constitution, except:

A. Clear and Present Danger, Compelling Interest, and the Ex-Post Facto Clause
B. Extradition and Rendition and Full Faith and Credit Clauses
C. Interstate Commerce and Supremacy Clauses
D. The Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses
E. Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses

80. America currently has what kind of government?

A. A government of the Democratic and Republican Parties

B. A Dual Democracy (Republican and Constitutional)

C. An Autocracy

D. An Oligarchy

E. A Confederation-Federation

PART V. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POLITICAL ENTITIES IS MOST RESPONSIBLE FOR THE WORKINGS AND THE MAINTENANCE OF THE
FOLLOWING POLITICAL CONCEPTS/ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SYSTEM?

A. CONGRESS D. BUREAUCRACY

B. THE PRESIDENCY E. POLITICAL PARTIES/INTEREST

GROUPS

C. THE JUDICIARY

___81. STATE GOVERNMENT POWER

___82. RATIFICATION

___83. MAJORITY RULE AND PLURALITIES

___84. BICAMERALISM

___85. IMPOUNDMENT

___86. IMPEACHMENT

___ 87. AMICUS CURIAE BRIEFS

___ 88. COALITIONS, PAC'S AND FACTIONAL POLITICS

___ 89. MAJOR AND MINOR POLITICAL PARTIES

___ 90. DEMOGRAPHICS AND METROPOLITAN AREA STATISTICS

___ 91. PRIMARIES

___ 92. THE 1964, 1966, 1968 CIVIL RIGHTS ACTS AND THE 1965 VOTING RIGHTS ACT

___ 93. CIVIL RIGHTS

___ 94. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

___ 95. POLICE POWER

___ 96. STATUS QUO

___ 97. PROPORTIONATE REPRESENTATION

___ 98. TERM LIMITS

___ 99. SEPARATION OF POWERS AND CHECKS AND BALANCES

___100. WRITS OF HABEAS CORPUS, MANDAMUS AND CERTIORI

PART V. BELOW ARE THIRTY (30) NUMBERED MATCHING ITEMS. PLEASE MATCH EACH ITEM WITH ONE OF THE ALPHABETIZED ITEMS WHICH FOLLOW THE NUMBERED LIST.

_______ 101. Essential components of U.S. democracy and government

_______ 102. Federalism versus confederation

_______ 103. Political Science

_______ 104. Interest group politics, federalism/compromise, majority rule, electoral processes.

_______ 105. Constitutional and Republican

_______ 106. 19th amendment

_______ 107. 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments

_______ 108. 6th amendment

_______ 109. 1st amendment

_______ 110. Republican Democracy

_______ 111 Enfranchisement, Suffrage

_______ 112. Restricted franchise

_______ 113. U.S. Congress

_______ 114. Politics

_______ 115. The central aim of U.S. government--and any other government-at all levels

_______ 116. Democracy, oligarchy, theocracy, monarchy, autocracy

______ 117. Status quo; Quid pro quo

_______ 118. Freedom from Want, from Fear, of Speech, and of Religion

______ 119. Normative and Objective Politics

______ 120. Prohibition against taxes, non-regulation of interstate commerce, weak central government, non-authority to issue national
currency, etc.

______ 121. 3/5 compromise, Connecticut Plan, federalism

______ 122. Annapolis Convention, Virginia Plan, Shay's Rebellion, New Jersey Plan, Connecticut Compromise

______ 123. Executive Privilege, Impoundment, Veto

______ 124. The Articles of Confederation

______ 125. Sedition, Affirmative Action

______ 126. First locally elected assembly and beginnings of bicameralism

______ 127. Parliamentary, Constitutional and Republican

______ 128. 2nd Continental Congress

______ 129. Seven articles, each with 1-10 sections

______ 130. Tripartite, separation of equal governmental powers, checks and balances

ANSWER OPTIONS

1. American Democracy

2. Weaknesses of The Articles Of Confederation

3. Women's right to vote

4. Four essential freedoms of American democracy

5. Popular Consent, Majority Rule, Compromise, Equality of Opportunity

6. Representative government that is based on electing candidates to represent voter interests

7. Government by the consent of those governed, government by a Small committee, and government by a religious group or order

8. A discipline within social science; a study of constituent participation

9. How things should be and how they are

10. Engine, vehicle, fuel, and tires of American politics

11. Strong central government with shared powers with the states; Weak central government dominated by autonomous states

12. America's first official constitution

13. Freedom of speech, assembly, religion, of the press, and of Political affiliation

14.. Voters must be at least 18-years old, have an established residence, must not be a prison inmate, etc.

15. Treason and access to equal opportunity

16. Legally ended slavery, established a right of citizenship and due process, and the right to vote for African Americans

17.. House of Representatives; U.S. Senate

18. To provide citizen services to its constituency, and to protect and defend the interests of that constituency

19. The right to vote

20. The determination of who gets what, when they get it, how much, and who makes that determination

21. Right to a speedy trial

22. How slaves are counted in the U.S. Constitution for southern congressional apportionment; the establishment of federal laws as dominant over state laws; and the division of duties, powers and responsibilities for the Congress, the Presidency, and the Judiciary

23. House of Burgesses, Jamestown, 1619

24. Famous compromises which led to the U.S. Constitution

25. Executive powers of the President

26. Legal (or literal) and what actually happens

27. 1775-1776, ratified 1781; 1787, ratified, 1788

28. Powers the Court derived from Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland

29. America's first three forms of government

30. Relationship of the three branches of U.S. government under The U.S. Constitution

PART VI: COMPLETION

Please use the following five answer options for each of the

15 questions below.

A. Is Correct as is

B. Is only partially Correct, and needs more information

C. Is Wrong as is, and further information won't help it

D. Is not about politics in America

E. Besides #A above, this is also about maintaining the Status Quo and Quid Pro Quo

1. The California State and National Republican parties are political enemies of Black Americans and Latinos/Latinas and always have been such.

2. Gerrymandering, At-Large Voting, White Primaries, Poll Taxes, Grandfather Clauses and Literacy Tests have helped tremendously in increasing the number of Black and Latino/Latina voters in America.

3. Except for the President and Vice-President of the United States, every elected official in California and in the country itself, can be un-elected or recalled if the citizens decide those officials are not doing their jobs properly.

4. Initiatives, propositions, referendums and recall elections are classic examples of Direct Democracy and California does these more than
any other state.

5. Political parties in California and in America were invented to make sure the poor and underrepresented had a consistent voice in government.

6. Public policy--that is, decision-making for the community--is best made for the public good ('the greatest good to the greatest number') when there is a balance between what the law says, and what society demands.

7. The first legal American political parties were the Federalists and the Anti- Federalists, who fought over the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. The Democratic Party was essentially created by Andrew Jackson and the Southern slaveholders in 1827-28, and the Republican Party was created specifically as an Anti-Slavery party in 1854, after the Whig Party fell apart.

8. Thus far, African Americans have had only two Speakers of the California Assembly, and thus far, Latinos have had two, and both groups have had a Lieutenant Governor. Neither group, however, has had a Senate President Pro Tem, nor a governor of California yet (since California's 1850 admission as a state in the USA).

9. Privileges and Immunities, the Establishment Clause, Extradition- Rendition-Sedition, the Elastic Clause, and the Original Jurisdiction
of the U.S. Supreme Court are in both the U.S. Constitution and the California State Constitution, since the federal and state governments
are always parallel due to Intergovernmental Relations.

10. The Due Process clause is in the 5th and 14th amendments; the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments are the most important ones for Black
citizens; and the 1964 CRA and 1965 VRA are based on those three amendments (13th, 14th, 15th).

11. Chicano and Latino Americans, in their quest for full political participation, will best be served by proportionate representation rather than bicameralism, term limits, judicial review or Congressional control of the budgetary process.

12. Black Americans are in the American Constitution through the 3/5 Compromise, the 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments. and the Dred Scott decision.

13. Stare Decisis in American jurisprudence essentially means following court precedents in most court cases and is as important as judicial review to the American judiciary.

14. One thing for sure, American politics is based on group interests, majority rule, dual democracy, and political leverage/compromise as principle foundations.

15. According to the U.S. Constitution, the President can impound, Congress can confound, and the Judiciary can rebound the law.