Reference no: EM134016649
Questions
1. The term for the conversion of physical stimuli from the external world to neural signals is called
translation.
transduction.
transmodification.
transition.
transformation.
2. Light is accommodated onto the retina by the lens. Which type of neuron does light hit first, but not affect, in the retina?
ganglion cells
intermediate cells
photoreceptor cells
amacrine cells
bipolar cells
3. The fovea is primarily responsible for _____________ vision.
photopic
fovotopic
scotopic
sclerotopic
tonotopic
4. __________ are responsible for color vision, whereas __________ are responsible for vision in low intensity light and are sensitive to movement.
Rods, cones
Ganglion cells, intermediate cells
Photoreceptive cells, intermediate cells
Cones, rods
Pyramidal, conical
5. _________ is the vision problem where the lens becomes cloudy and opaque to light. For many, it is curable with surgery.
Cataracts
Macular degeneration
Myopia
Hyperopia
Stigmatism
6. Which nucleus of the thalamus is the relay for visual information from the retina?
medial geniculate
dorsal geniculate
lateral geniculate
ventral geniculate
anterior geniculate
7. Which of the following is the correct pathway for visual information?
retina a optic chiasm a optic nerve a LGN a visual cortex
optic nerve a retina a optic chiasm a LGN a visual cortex
retina a optic chiasm a optic disk a LGN a visual cortex
retina a optic nerve a optic chiasm a LGN a visual cortex
retina a LGN a optic nerve a optic chiasm a visual cortex
8. The inability to perceive movement is called ___________, which is likely caused by damage to V5 in the visual cortex.
acalculia
achromatopsia
alexia
amotusopsia
akinetopsia
9. Cells in the fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe are sensitive to faces. These neurons are called _________________ cells.
face-selective
primary
hypercomplex
feature-detecting
None of the above are correct.
10. Which of the following senses use(s) chemoreceptors?
vision
smell
hearing
taste
More than one of the above is correct.
11. The pyriform cortex is associated with which sense?
taste
smell
touch
hearing
balance
12. Although there may be more, the five basic flavors are sweet, bitter, salty, sour, and _____________. The last one is found in soy sauce and is the flavor of the neurotransmitter glutamate.
sawa
shiokarai
amai
umami
nigai
13. Taste receptor neurons send signals to the thalamus through cranial nerves. Information is then sent from the thalamus to the ____________ in the insula.
chemosensory cortex
olfactory cortex
paraventricular cortex
uncus
gustatory cortex
14. The idea that the right and left hemisphere of the cortex specialize in different functions is called
hemispheric bifurcation.
hemiphercation.
hemispheric specialization.
hemispheric lateralization.
cortical specialization.
15. The amplitude of sound waves determines the sound's
pitch.
timbre.
loudness.
wavelength.
More than one of the above is correct.
16. The malleus, incus, and stapes make up the
chambers of the cochlea.
nuclei on the path of the connection between the vestibulocochlear nerve and the auditory cortex.
auditory ossicles.
three gyri that make up the auditory cortex.
three membranes that separate three chambers of the cochlea.
17. The auditory ossicles are in the air-filled middle ear, and they need to push fluid in the cochlea of the inner ear. To accommodate for this _____________, the pressure from the relatively large eardrum is focused on the relatively small oval window leading to the cochlea.
fluid dynamics
fluid dissimilarity
impedance dynamics
air-fluid compensation
impedance mismatching
18. Auditory transduction takes place at the
tympanic membrane.
auditory ossicles.
organ of Corti.
olivary nucleus.
cochlear membrane.
19. In the cochlea, hair cells rest on the basilar membrane and connect to the __________ with tiny filaments called stereocilia.
tectorial membrane
tympanic membrane
Pacinian corpuscle
cochlear membrane
temporal membrane
20. Which of the following is (are) tonotopic?
the basilar membrane
the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (LGN)
the auditory cortex
the olivary nucleus
More than one of the above is tonotopic.
21. The cochlear nerve goes to the cochlear nucleus and then travels collaterally and ipsilaterally to the __________, which plays a role in locating the origin of the sound.
auditory peduncle
trigeminal nerve
superior tectum
superior olive
lateral amygdala
22. The location of the auditory cortex is
where the frontal lobe meets the parietal lobe.
where the occipital lobe meets the parietal lobe.
where the occipital lobe meets the frontal lobe.
where the temporal lobe meets the parietal lobe.
on the inferior portion of the temporal lobe.
23. An inability to perform some aspect of language is known as
aphasia.
acalculia.
disauditory.
alinguistica.
diliguistica.
24. The pathway between Wernicke's area and Broca's area is called the
Steinway's tract.
arcuate semita.
Purkinje pathway.
perforant pathway.
arcuate fasciculus.
25. The primary symptom of Broca's aphasia would be a deficit in
foreign languages
receptive speech
productive speech
loss of strength
26. Which of the following is NOT true about hemispheric lateralization?
For humans, the emotional component of language is more often influenced by the right hemisphere.
The degree to which language shows hemispheric lateralization is affected by whether someone is left-handed or right-handed.
Birds can show hemispheric lateralization when it comes to bird songs.
In terms of lateralization of function, language is usually related to handedness.
All of the above are true about hemispheric lateralization.
27. Boris has a unique talent: He can draw a circle with his left hand and a square with his right hand at the same time. If a sponge is placed in Boris' left hand, he cannot say what it is but can point to a picture of it. However, if placed in his right hand, he can identify, verbally, that it is a sponge he feels. Boris likely
has hemispatial neglect syndrome.
is unusual in that his language center is in the right hemisphere.
is unusual in that his language center is equally distributed between his right and left hemisphere.
has received split-brain surgery.
has synesthesia.
28. The ____________ is cut in split-brain surgery.
arcuate fasciculus
corpus callosum
perforant pathway
hemispheric commissure
limbic bundle
29. Wernicke's aphasia can produce ________ ________, which is characterized by a person speaking with normal rhythm and intonation but with words that do not make sense.
30. The vestibular apparatus is located nearest to the
occipital lobe.
auditory cortex.
thalamus.
olfactory bulb.
cochlea.
31. Bacterial infection in areas of the vestibular apparatus can cause
sacculitis.
vertigo.
Sokolov's disease.
frequent urination.
Reissner's syndrome.
32. Which of the following happens for people with nystagmus?
Their eyes dart back and forth.
They always feel like they are going to fall.
They get dizzy if they stand up too quickly.
They cannot focus on distant objects.
They are unable to smile.
33. You shut your eyes and touch the tip of your finger to your nose. This ability was due in part to _____________, which are found in ligaments and joints and respond to stretching skin.
free nerve endings
Ruffini endings
Pacinian corpuscles
Merkel cells
Macula corpuscles
34. Neurons that bring sensory information to the spinal cord are
bipolar.
tripolar.
multipolar.
unipolar.
pseudounipolar.
35. Which of the following is true?
Analgesics are used to reduce nociception.
Hypnotics are used to reduce nociception.
Analgesics are used to reduce chemoception.
Psychedelics are used to reduce thermoception.
Anxiolytics are used to reduce nociception.
36. You are watching someone throw a ball in the air and catch it. Watching someone else perform motor movements causes activity in the _____________ neurons, which are located in the premotor area of the cerebral cortex.
imitation
mirror
simulation
Betz
alpha motor target (AMT)
37. The broken mirror hypothesis is the idea that mirror neurons do not function well in people with
split personality disorder.
schizophrenia.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
post-traumatic stress disorder.
autism.
38. Which of the following is NOT a theoretical function of the cerebellum?
aiding in balance
aiding in proprioception
aiding in smooth motor movement
aiding in associative learning
All of the above are theoretical functions of the cerebellum.
39. Circadian rhythms are changes in behavior and bodily functions in the cycle of about a(n)
hour.
day.
week.
month.
year.
40. Most humans are
diurnal.
nocturnal.
crepuscular.
perianal.
triurnal.