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Q. Most biologists believe that the immune system's defence against infections largely rests on its capability to distinguish self molecules from non-self molecules. This concept seems central to our understanding of immune function. Yet, like all scientific ideas, it is not beyond question. Several immunologists have developed an alternative hypothesis: that the immune system's effectiveness rests mostly on its ability to recognize damage to body tissues caused by the invaders, not on the ability to recognize non-self. If you were going to test the "damage" hypothesis, what might you look for? Which form of cell would you expect to be directly affected by damaged tissues and why? Some proponents argue that the "damage" hypothesis makes more sense from an evolutionary perspective, claiming that it is more advantageous for an organism's defence system to respond to tissue damage than to the mere presence of a foreign microbe. Do you be in agreement? Why or why not?
Suppose archaeologists discover human skeletal remains in Ethiopia. Examination of the bones suggests that the remains represent four types of individuals. Two of the skeletons have bone densities that are 30 percent less than those of the other two ..
Which is easier to dispose of in a flock of chickens? A recessive allele for erect combs or a dominant allele for feathered legs. How various generations would it take.
If I had a biosphere of plants and animals and air and I radio labelled the carbon in co2, what path will that carbon take through the biosphere, where does carbon go.
Suppose that the breeder selects plants that mature in 69 days for the next generation. Approximation the time required for the next generation to mature. What kind of infection do you believe she has in this hand.
Choose one biotechnology example, such as agriculture, medical or historical, and provide at least two ways use of this biotechnology could benefit society and two ways this biotechnology could be harmful.
Approximately half of our vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the colon. Based on this information, why might taking a broad spectrum antibiotic produce frequent nosebleeds.
Reverse transcriptase might be present in cells that have not been infected by a retrovirus since of the presence of what.
Pneumonia is diagnosed by a presence of fluid (dark shadows in an X-ray image) in the alveoli. Given that pneumonia generally is caused by a microorganism, what causes the fluid accumulation? Name a bacterium, a virus, a fungus, a protozoan, and a he..
Artificial electron acceptors can also be used to notice a specific organelle in animal cells by cytochemistry. Name this organelle and outline a procedure that you will use to detect this organelle by cytochemistry.
How various ATP equivalents are required to synthesize de novo one molecule of IMP, starting from ribose-5-phosphate? Presume that all required precursors in the pathway are present.
What should we do to find out the consensus sequence of initial translation region around ATG for a specific species. Figure out the passive, active, and total stress components of an isometric experiment (label the axes) and provide simple diagrams..
The bases in this "glyceronucleic acid" are symbolized as B, D, H, and U. The monomers are linked during phospodiester bonds and the bases form hydrogen bonds between the strands according to the following rules; for every B, there are twice as many ..
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