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Q. Your friend is studying mouse fur color and has isolated the GPCR responsible for determining its color, as well as an extracellular signal that activates the receptor. She finds that, on adding up the signal to pigment cells (cells that produce the pigment determining fur color), cAMP levels rise in the cell. She starts a biotech company, and the company isolates more components of the signaling pathway responsible for fur color. Using transgenic mouse technology, company genetically engineers mice that are defective in various proteins involved in determining fur color. The company obtains the follow results.
Normal mice have beige (very light brown) fur color.Mice lacking the extracellular signal have white fur.Mice lacking the GPCR have white fur.Mice lacking cAMP phosphodiesterase have dark brown fur.
Your friend has also made mice that are defective in α subunit of the G protein in this signaling pathway. The defective α subunit works normally except that, once it binds GTP, it cannot hydrolyze GTP to GDP. What color do you guess that the fur of these mice will be? Why with reason?
Cells are capable of replicating their own DNA, which amounts to billions of base pairs, quite efficiently, and yet in a PCR or sequencing reaction we are only able to accurately replicate.
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Aliver extract capable of carrying out all the normal metabolicreactions of the liver is briefly incubated in separate experimentswith the following 14C-labeled precursors
The following information came from an undisclosed area of the globe. Your mission, should you choose to accept it, is to determine where this climatological data set originated.
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Over the long period of time that life has existed on Earth, there have been number of important or significant innovations including endosymbiosis to create mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Does DNA replication have to occur before transcription can occur? Or is replication used upon entering mitosis/meiosis?
What can be intellectually stimulating or knowledgeable that can be gained from the study of Microbiology?
Describe the anatomical structure of ten different organelles in the cell and discuss their respective functions.
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