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1. What is the portal for selective export of mRNA out of the nucleus?A) NucleoplasmB) NucleolusC) TransloconD) Nuclear MatrixE) Nuclear Pore Complex2. When microtubules grow out of a centrosome, which end is oriented away from the centrosome?A) the plus endB) the minus endC) the N-terminal endD) the C-terminal endE) the 5'- end3. When a microtubule is growing, the plus end is present as an open sheet to which GTP-dimers are added. A cap of GTP-dimers can often form on the growing microtubules during rapid growth periods. How does this cap form?A) Tubulin dimers are added to the microtubule slower than the GTP is hydrolyzed.B) Tubulin dimers are added to the microtubule faster than the GTP is hydrolyzed.C) Tubulin dimers are added to the microtubule at the same rate as GTP is hydrolyzed.D) Dimers circularize during rapid assembly periods.E) Dimers are hardened during rapid assembly periods.4. The presence of what ion appears to be necessary for connecting the ciliary (axonemal) dynein arms to the A microtubules of the axoneme?A) calciumB) potassiumC) magnesiumD) manganeseE) sodium5. Which organelle below is not found in both plants and animals?A) cell membraneB) mitochondriaC) peroxisomesD) glyoxysomesE) vacuoles6. The position of a gene on a chromosome is referred to as a(n) ________.A) locusB) locustC) chromositeD) chromomereE) exon7. What is the process by which complementary RNAs are synthesized from a DNA template?A) translationB) transcriptionC) protein synthesisD) transductionE) transliteration8. Which of the following is normally associated with the cilia of organisms from protists to mammals?A) a 9 + 1 patternB) a 9 + 3 patternC) a 9 + 4 patternD) microtubulesE) None of these are correct.
9. What protein component do all MTOCs share?A) actinB) tropomyosinC) nucleoporinD) gamma-tubulinE) omega-tubulin10. Which of the following regulate intracellular levels of Ca2+ ions?A) Golgi apparatusB) ribosomesC) endoplasmic reticulumD) mitochondriaE) both endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria11. What is defined as a domain of the inner mitochondrial membrane that is present within the interior of the mitochondrion as a series of invaginated membranous sheets?A) inner boundary membraneB) outer boundary membraneC) cristaeD) matrixE) pseudopodia12. What was the original strain of fruit flies called?A) wild onesB) originalsC) wild typeD) normal typeE) dominant type13. In what form are proteins and neurotransmitters usually transported down the axon of a nerve cell?A) individually by diffusionB) in groups of tenC) inside transport vesiclesD) inside the Golgi complexE) tied individually to microtubules14. An unusual type of phospholipid is found in the myelin sheath that insulates brain axons; abnormalities in the synthesis of this phospholipid can lead to severe neurological dysfunction. What are these phospholipids called?A) plasminsB) sphingolipidsC) plasmalogensD) insulinsE) luciferases 15. The macromolecular complex that associates with each intron and splices it is called a(n)_____.A) luciferaseB) acrosomeC) spliceosomeD) plasmalogenE) splicing vesicle16. What phenomenon below seems to accompany closure of the microtubule?A) ATP hydrolysisB) hydrolysis of GTP bound to dimersC) hydrolysis of GDP bound to dimersD) hydrolysis of GTP bound to trimersE) phosphorylation of GDP bound to dimmersSection III_Extended Multiple Choice; clearly circle the letter corresponding to the best answer and explain your rationale. Answer six of the following questions.1. What causes the appearance of large chromosomes in the salivary glands of Drosophilalarvae?A) The cells divide at a faster rate.B) The cells grow and synthesize DNA, but fail to divide.C) The cells swell osmotically.D) The cells take up extra DNA from the extracellular milieu.E) The chromosomes take in water and swell.Explain:2. Which organelle below is not found in both plants and animals?A) cell membraneB) mitochondriaC) peroxisomesD) glyoxysomesE) vacuolesExplain: 3. In cell biology and with respect to microtubules and microfilaments, the word "dynamic" means ________.A) potentB) constantC) ever-changingD) energeticE) forcefulExplain:4. Elevated temperatures at which temperature-sensitive mutants do not work are called ________ temperatures.A) restrictiveB) permissiveC) temperature-sensitiveD) frame-shiftE) pointExplain:5. Which of the following is not a normal property of eukaryotic mRNAs?A)They contain a continuous nucleotide sequence encoding a specific polypeptide.B) They are found in the cytoplasm and inside the Golgi complex.C) They are attached to ribosomes when they are translated.D) Most have a significant noncoding segment that does not direct assembly of amino acids.E) Eukaryotic mRNAs have special modifications at their 5' and 3' termini.Explain:6. Where are misfolded secretory proteins eventually destroyed?A) in the RERB) in the SERC) in the Golgi complexD) in the cytosol (cytoplasm)E) in the nucleus
A man and a woman who each have wild type phenotypes have a son with Klinefelter syndrome who has hemophilia. Determine the genotypes of the parents?
Eukaryotic cells may divide through the process of mitosis or meiosis. In humans, mitosis generates new cells for growth and repair.
Which of the following is not a means of decreasing stroke volume? A. loss of 3 pints of blood B.allergic reaction to a bee sting C.increasing aldosterone secretion D.dehydration E.severe vomiting
Discuss how exactly does a painful stimulus result in a person's perception of pain and response to it? Include in your answer the type of pain receptors,
The heart is in the middle thoracic cavity, known as the ______. The membrane around the heart is the ______. The thick muscular wall of the heart is the ______. The smooth inner lining of the heart is the ______.
How is MPF involved in one or more of checkpoints. A chemist wishes to create an organic molecule non-acidic.
A somatic cell of a given plant species contains threebillion base pairs of nuclear DNA and 12 functional centromeres when observed at the conclusion of stage G2 of the cell cycle.
Each of the properties follow is characteristic of the carbon atom. In each case, indicate how the property contributes to the role of the carbon atom as the most important atom in biological molecules.
Think about a dihybrid cross. If there are 100 progeny, approximately how many flies would you expect to be homozygous recessive for both traits?
What is the benefit of a mouse liver cDNA library over a genomic library made from mouse liver. What is a lipid? Explain the different classes of lipids. What is a fatty acid? What makes acid saturated or unsaturated.
Josie has been taking steroids for a prolonged period of time as treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. She has gained weight, especially in her face, and notices that her skin is thin and bleeds easily.
If an AaBBCcdd male ma of ridge-producing genes possible in one of their children? What is the minimum number of ridge-producing genes possible in a child of this couple?
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