Reference no: EM132412675

Trong a 57-year-old male arrives at the health clinic complaining of fatigue, back pain, and headache. He reports a restricted flow of urine, difficulty getting urine to come out. He has also been taking excessive doses of ibuprofen. His blood pressure is elevated; he complains of nausea and vomiting; and he has edema of the hands and feet.  Blood chemistry analysis indicates elevated blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine levels along with elevated sodium and potassium. His urine is dilute and malodorous (bad-smelling). A few years ago, his physician told him his prostate was enlarged.

Note: Hints are the words that follow the questions

Questions

1.Which important ions does the kidney regulate that might be imbalanced if Trong's kidneys are not functioning properly? Substances filtered, reabsorbed, and excreted in the urine

2. What might cause Trong's nausea and vomiting? Overview of kidney functions (and think in very simple terms about a major function of the kidneys)

3. Trong is producing reduced amounts of urine, yet is taking in a normal amount of fluids and electrolytes; how might this affect his blood volume? Could this be related to his elevated blood pressure? Overview of kidney functions. 

4. If Trong is not having proper filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, which kidney structures may be damaged? Overview of renal physiology

5. Why might Trong's restricted flow of urine have caused damage to his kidneys? Anatomy of urinary system