Reference no: EM133913781

Question 

Clinical Pharmacology

1. What is the term for chemicals responsible for sending messages from the central nervous system to the body over never pathways?

Neurotransmitters

Second messengers

Acetylcholine

Neurons

2. Niacin a B-complex vitamin given at higher doses for hyperlipidemia, can cause what expected side effects?

Pruritus

Excessive vitamin B

Reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Flushing

3. What is the first action the nurse takes when they suspect a client is having adverse reaction to a medications?

Inform the registered nurse

Create an incident report

Document the findings

Call the pharmacist

4. For which disorder is nitroglycerin commonly administered?

Hyperlipidemia

Thrombophlebitis

Hypotension

Angina pectoris

5. Which of the following is a process that guides the decision of a practical nurse?

Autonomy

Clinical judgment

The Plan, Do, Study, Assess process

The iterative process

6. The Practical nurse is having difficulty interpreting an order left by a healthcare provider on rounds. Which of the following resource would the nurse use for clarification?

The medical transcriptionist

Another practical nurse

The nurse manager

The ordering health care provider

7. Which scenario below would be considered a contraindication for administrating a medication? Select all that apply.

Giving a medication for nausea after a client has vomited

Giving medication for hypertension when the client flushed and complaining of a headache

Giving a medication that is teratogenic to a client that is twelve weeks pregnant

Giving a albuterol sulfate to an asthma client with an elevated heart rate

Giving a aspirin to a client with a bleeding disorder

9. What is the most critical risk clients must be aware of when taking an anticoagulant?

Medication must be taken with food

Increased bleed tendency

Impaired functioning of the central nervous system

Medication interactions

10. Which of the following is the correct action for the nurse to take following administration for a medication that has a black box designation?

Document with a double signature

Notify the FDA that the medication has been administered

Complete a black box designation document

Monitor the client for the designated potential adverse reactions

11. Why an anticoagulant prescribed after pulmonary embolus?

Break up the existing thrombus

Reduce any potential for bleeding

Prevent new clots from forming

Heal the lung scarring produced by the thrombus

12. What is the term for a medication that blocks a receptor in the body?

Antagonist

Agonist

Partial antagonist

Partial agonist

13. what is the most common cause of ischemia in angina pectoris?

Primary hypertension

Impaired calcium channels

Atherosclerosis

Secondary hypertension

14. Why is carbidopa combined with levodopa?

Decrease memory loss

Reduce the overexpression of neuronal dopamine

Treat associated dyskinesias

Prevent peripheral breakdown of levodopa before reaching the brain

15. The nursing conducting a medication reconciliation for a client who is being admitted to the hospital. Which is true about the medication reconciliation? Select all that apply.

Medication reconciliation is an important client safety goal

Medication reconciliation is designed to obtain and communicate an accurate list of client's home medication.

Only nurses or health care providers (HCPs) can be involved in medication reconciliation

Medication are considered reconciled if a medication prescription exists that is therapeutically equivalent to the one prior admission

A medication is considered to the any medication prescribed by an HCP

16. When the practical nurse administers a loop diuretic, what electrolyte abnormality is possible?

Hypercalcemia

Hypokalemia

Hypernatremia

High uric acid levels

17. What is the term for medication that enhances the body's expected functions?

Agonist

Partial agonist

Antagonist

Receptor antagonists

18. A client tells the nurse that the pain pill administered at the change of shift is not working. The medication was documented as removed from the narcotic area before the change of shift. The client record does not indicate when the medication was given. Which of the rights of medication administration were violated?

Right patient

Right drug

Right documentation

Right time

19. What information is critical to know when preparing a client to take a medication by mouth?

If the client can swallow

If the client can tell the nurse the action of each medication

If the client prefers liquids to be chilled or room temperature

If the client tells the nurse the floor and room number where they are located

20. Who is at the highest risk for drug administration error with an over-the-counter (OTC) medication?

Two-year-old girl receiving liquid medications administered by her parents

Twenty-year-old woman who suffers from migraine headaches

Fifteen-year-old girl taking acetaminophen for menstrual pain

Fifty-five-year-old man taking ibuprofen as needed for arthritis pain

21. Which of the following data would be most important to collect before administration of an ace inhibitor?

History of seasonal allergies

Client's level of consciousness

Blood pressure

Environmental safety

22. The nurse is reinforcing teaching on the use of nitroglycerin. The client ask what to do if they have an episode of chest pain. Which of the following responses is the best?

Call 911 at the first onset of the chest pain

Call 911 if the pain continues five minutes after 1st dose of nitroglycerine

If you have nitroglycerine, you do not call 911

Go to the emergency department without taking nitroglycerine

23. Which of the following is an example of objective data?

Verbal description of location and intensity of pain

Description of responses to medication after a two-weekly regimen of daily doses

History of how an injury occurred

Heigh and weight

24. What is the process of a drug eventually moving into the body fluids or tissue being treated?

Solubility

Half-life

Biotransformation

Absorption

25. What is the ethical principle guiding a client's right to refuse medication?

Beneficence

Informed consent

Justice

Autonomy

26. The nurse is caring for a client who has a history of heart failure and is being treated with digoxin. Which of the following actions must be taken with anyone who is prescribed digoxin? Select all that apply.

Obtain apical pulse

Monitor blood glucose

Monitor digoxin levels

Administer digoxin at the same time each

Obtain oxygen saturation

27. What category of data was obtained when the nurse counted the client's pulse rate?

Subjective

Normal

Abnormal

Objective

28. When a nurse asks a client to describe how pain medication has affected them, what is the nurse hoping to accomplish?

Clarifying the nursing diagnosis

Asking for a therapeutic goal

The nurse is completing the evaluation step in the nursing process

The nurse is completing the objective data collection in the nursing process

29. Which response is considered a side effect from taking an antidysrhythmic medications?

Bradycardia

Sinus rhythm

Increased cardiac output

Reduction of angina

30. The nurse has administered a dose of pain medication to the client. Which of the following factors will determine when the nurse re-evaluates the client's pain status?

Medication half-life

Past medical history

Route of administration

Number of possible adverse reactions

31. What is the effect of nitroglycerin when administered to a client experiencing angina pectoris?

Dissolving of the cholesterol plaque obstructing the coronary artery

Creation of alternate blood vessels creating detours around the obstructed coronary artery

Vasodilation of the smooth muscles of both coronary arterioles and venules

Slowing the heart rate and reducing the force of contractions

32. What do the national patient safety Goals state the nurse must complete before administering medications?

Two identifiers such as the client's height and weight

Two client identifiers like name and date of birth

Four client identifiers including name, date of birth, height, and weight

Three client identifiers including name, date of birth and allergies

33. What is the priority action when a medication error is identified?

Call the provider

Notify the unit manager

Assess the client's condition

Document the occurrence

34. What classification of medications is used most to treat hyperlipidemia?

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)

Non-Statin medications such as Gemfibrozil

Vitamins such as Niacin

Bile acid sequestrants

35. What is the term used to describe the name of a drug universally recognized in any region of the country?

Generic

Trade

Official

Chemical

35. Which term indicates a medication acts only on one receptor site?

Sensitivity

Specificity

Agonist

Antagonist

37. Which one of the following choices represents subjective data?

My pain is sharp and stabbing

Blood pressure is 120/80

Lung sounds are wheezing

Temperature is 101.3 degrees Fahrenheit

38. Which of the following is a class of medication appropriate of treating hypertension?

Vasoconstrictor

Cardiac glycoside

Peripheral vasodilator

Antidysrhythmic

39. How many times must the Practical Nurse read a drug label before its administration?

One time

Two time

Three time

Six times

40. What route of administration produces the quickest response after medication administration?

Subcutaneous

Gastrostomy tube

Intravenous

Topical

41. What is the direct cause of chest pain and discomfort associated angina?

Hypolipidemia

Hyperoxygenemia

Elevated HDL

Lactate release from anaerobic metabolism

42. What is a common side effect of ace inhibitors that would prompt a medication change?

Hypotension

Tremors

Headaches

Cough

43. What is the effect when two medications are administered together and have a more significant impact than the sum of the two drugs and administered separately?

Synergistic

Double effect

Biotransformation

Upregulation

44. What is the mechanism of action for levodopa?

Improving neuronal transmission

Increasing amounts of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

Increasing amounts of the neurotransmitter dopamine

Restoring memory and cognition

45. A female client taking heparin subcutaneously tells the nurse that her menstrual period is unusually heavy. What is the appropriate response to this client's concern?

Stop taking the heparin

Inform the registered nurse

Tell the client this is only concerning if she develops a fever

This is a normal expectation when taking heparin

46. What is the suffix for beta-blockers?

-pine

-sartan

-pril

-olol

47. Which of the these abbreviations is on the "do not use" list published by the joint Commission?

Mg

QD

Kg

mL

48. What is the term a practical nurse uses to describe the intravenous route of medication administration?

Percutaneous

Parenteral

Enteral

Intravascular

49. What is the term used to describe the movement of a medication molecule through a semipermeable cell membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?

Diffusion

Filtration

Distribution

Osmosis

50. Lisinopril acts through which mechanism?

It blocks beta-1 receptors leading to a reduction in blood pressure

It blocks the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 and lowers blood pressure

It reduces the amount of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex leading to increased urinary output

It stimulates the activation of beta-2 receptors to raise blood pressure.