Reference no: EM131868330

Assignment: International Economics

 

1. Consider an economy consisting of two industries and two factors of production. The two industries are low-tech manufacturing (labeled as 1) and high-tech manufacturing (labeled as 2), and the two factors of production are unskilled labor (labeled as U) and skilled labor (labeled as S).

 

	Sales revenue	Earnings of unskilled	Earnings of skilled
Low-tech (industry 1)	P_1 Q_1 = 500	w_U L_U1= 250	w_S L_S1= 250
High-tech (industry 2)	P_2 Q_2 = 200	w_U L_U2= 50	w_S L_S2= 150

 

Here, P_1 and P_2 are respectively prices of low-tech and high-tech goods,Q_1 and Q_2 are respectively output of low-tech and high-tech goods, w_U is wage of unskilled labor and w_S is wage of skilled labor, L_U1 is population of unskilled labor in industry 1, and L_S1 is population of skilled labor in industry 1, and so on.

 

Suppose that because of more integration to the world economy, price of the low-tech good falls by 5%, and price of the high-tech good rises by 5%. The following equations describe how changes in prices and factor rewards are related:

 

(ΔP_1)/P_1 =θ_U1 (Δw_U)/w_U +θ_S1 (Δw_S)/w_S
(ΔP_2)/P_2 =θ_U2 (Δw_U)/w_U +θ_S2 (Δw_S)/w_S
Here, θ_U1, θ_S1, θ_U2, θ_S2 are the cost shares of each factor in each industry.

 

Calculate θ_U1, θ_S1, θ_U2, θ_S2 and specify the skill-intensive industry.

 

Find changes to wages of unskilled and skilled labor. Use your numerical solution to explain the implications for real wage inequality.

 

2. The following table reports data on soybean yield, production, and trade for 2010-11.

 

	Yield (metric ton/hectare)	Production (100,000 metric ton)	Export (100,000 metric ton)	Import (100,000 metric ton)
Australia	1.71	0.29	0.025	0.007
Brazil	3.12	748.2	258	1.18
Canada	2.75	42.5	27.8	2.42
China	1.89	144	1.64	570
France	2.95	1.23	0.24	5.42
Japan	1.60	2.19	0.0006	34.6
Mexico	1.32	2.05	0.001	37.7
Russian Federation	1.48	17.6	0.008	10.7
United States	2.79	831	423	4.45
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization.

 

Suppose that the countries listed in the table are engaged in free trade, and that soybean is land-intensive. Answer the following questions based on the assumptions and predictions of the H-O model.

 

Which countries are land-abundant?

 

In which countries do landowners benefit from free trade in soybean? In which countries do landowners lose from free trade in soybean? Explain.