Reference no: EM132340245

Diet and Nutrition

Diet and Nutrition by Rudolph Ballentine

1.    Molecules that enter a cell and make metabolism possible are called ___.
a.    minerals
b.    hormones
c.    nutrients
d.    vitamins
e.    proteins

2.    The ___ is stimulated to secrete an extra large supply of digestive juice when the food mass coming from the stomach is acidic.
a.    stomach
b.    pancreas
c.    ileum
d.    gallbladder
e.    duodenum

3.    The richest dietary source of vitamin D can be found in ___.
a.    tropical fruit
b.    seaweed
c.    legumes
d.    organ meats
e.    fish oils

4.    Essential amino acids are manufactured by the body.
a.    true
b.    false

5.    What is sometimes referred to as the “third kidney?”
a.    the lungs
b.    the liver
c.    the skin
d.    the large intestine
e.    the hair

6.    Which grain is easiest to cook and highest of all grains in protein levels?
a.    oats
b.    rice
c.    quinoa
d.    wheat
e.    corn

7.    How much vitamin E remains in white flour after whole grain has gone through the modern milling process, which removes the germ?
a.    63%
b.    5%
c.    75%
d.    14%
e.    45%

8.    What effect does germination in the seeds have on calcium?
a.    destroys it
b.    bonds it to sodium
c.    lowers the level
d.    makes it less absorable
e.    increases the level

9.    What are the two major causes of death in America?
a.    cancer and stroke
b.    cancer and heart disease
c.    heart disease and stroke
d.    emphysema and cancer
e.    heart disease and emphysema

10.    What types of nutrients do plants need to derive from the soil?
a.    minerals
b.    proteins
c.    fats
d.    carbohydrates
e.    vitamins

11.    What is vital to absorption throughout the digestive system?
a.    hormones
b.    minerals
c.    enzymes
d.    water
e.    vitamins

12.    Which of the following is a characteristic usually seen in fats made by plants?    
a.    they have a high melting point
b.    they are in solid form
c.    the can also be manufactured by the human body
d.    they are in liquid form
e.    the dissolve in water

13.    All of the blood from the digestive tract is first channeled through the ___.
a.    liver
b.    brain
c.    kidneys
d.    heart
e.    lungs

14.    Which of the following is a primary mineral?
a.    iodine
b.    arsenic
c.    copper
d.    zinc
e.    potassium

15.    Polymerization is the overheating of fats, which causes the structure of the fat molecule to be altered.
a.    true
b.    false

16.    Hormesis was coined to indicate the effect of tiny sub-pharmacologic doses of substances which cannot affect the organism in subtle but important ways.
a.    true
b.    false

17.    When all of the hydrogen atom spaces are vacant, fat or oil is ___.
a.    stable
b.    fortified
c.    unstable
d.    unsaturated
e.    saturated

18.    Which of the following is a trace mineral?
a.    phosphorus
b.    iodine
c.    sodium
d.    calcium
e.    magnesium

19.    What effect does repeating the same crops each year have on the soil?
a.    erosion
b.    added humus for natural fertilization
c.    higher concentrations of clay develop
d.    reduced pests
e.    gradual depletion of the soil

20.    There is an obvious and direct relationship between the incidence of ___ and the adoption of the modern ___.
a.    cancer, dental practice
b.    tooth decay, diet
c.    heart disease, diet
d.    tooth decay, schedule
e.    none of the above

21.    Fungi are known to make and release a series of chelating agents.
a.    true
b.    false

22.    How many different sets of glands are found in the stomach wall?
a.    4
b.    2
c.    5
d.    6
e.    3

23.    Molasses is not healthier than sucrose because sucrose contains significant quantities of minerals such as iron, a fair amount of calcium and generous quantities of trace elements such as zinc, copper and chromium.
a.    true
b.    false

24.    Bacteria that grows in the presence of oxygen is called anaerobic bacteria.
a.    true
b.    false

25.    Which of the following deficiencies makes an individual more susceptible to lead poisoning?
a.    iron
b.    zinc
c.    chromium
d.    nickel
e.    copper

26.    Which amino acid levels are deficient in legumes?    
a.    glutatione
b.    proline
c.    alanine
d.    lysine
e.    methionine

27.    Which of the following are considered doshas?
a.    kapha
b.    pitta
c.    vata
d.    all of the above
e.    none of the above

28.    Fat makes up an average of ___ of the caloric intake in the western diet.
a.    35%
b.    65%
c.    25%
d.    45%
e.    55%

29.    Which mineral must be present for the body to produce glucose tolerance factor, which is necessary for the proper production and utilization of insulin?
a.    iodine
b.    copper
c.    chromium
d.    magnesium
e.    sodium

30.    Seedlings whose rootlets are coated with ___ are better able to absorb a number of minerals from the soil than those whose rootlets are bare.
a.    carbon
b.    montmorillonite
c.    humus
d.    bacteria
e.    mycorrhiza

31.    Where do plants derive their nourishment from?
a.    cells
b.    soil
c.    fungus
d.    rain
e.    worms

32.    The cultivation of healthy soil, through the addition of organic matter, results in which of the following beneficial actions?
a.    helps to dispose of animal manure
b.    eliminates the need for fertilizers and pesticides
c.    erosion is diminished
d.    all of the above
e.    none of the above

33.    Pancreatic juice is acidic.
a.    true
b.    false

34.    ___ is responsible for most nutrient debt.
a.    Protein
b.    Salt
c.    Sugar
d.    Fortified food
e.    Fat

35.    How long must an individual be on a new diet before the intestinal bacteria are measurably altered?
a.    6 months
b.    2 years
c.    3 months
d.    1 year
e.    9 months

36.    Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for sodium?
a.    K
b.    Na
c.    Mn
d.    O
e.    Ca

37.    A pound of nuts can contain as many calories as 12 pounds of potatoes.
a.    true
b.    false

38.    Cooking fat has unique properties that make it more preferable than ghee or clarified butter.
a.    true
b.    false

39.    In what year did a Federal task force conclude that there was “an imminent hazard” to human health due to low levels of antibiotics added to livestock feed?
a.    1972
b.    1965
c.    1981
d.    1970
e.    1976

40.    Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for magnesium?
a.    Fe
b.    Mg
c.    Na
d.    Mn
e.    Cr

41.    What mineral is often lacking when plant leaves are yellowed?
a.    calcium
b.    sodium
c.    magnesium
d.    iron
e.    phosphorus

42.    The organic matter left after a plant dies plays an important role in the natural movement of ___ from soil to roots.
a.    nutrients
b.    carbon
c.    mycorrhiza
d.    humus
e.    chlorophyll

43.    Which of the following would be considered rare minerals or trace elements?
a.    copper
b.    manganese
c.    zinc
d.    all of the above
e.    none of the above

44.    The pancreas works in conjunction with the small intestine to digest ___.
a.    starch
b.    protein
c.    sugar
d.    carbohydrates
e.    fats

45.    A grain is a seed and is made up of germ, endosperm and bran.
a.    true
b.    false

46.    ___ helps lower cholesterol and prevents arteriosclerosis.
a.    Corn starch
b.    Vegetable protein
c.    Animal protein
d.    all of the above
e.    none of the above

47.    Which of the following is the correct abbreviation of calcium?
a.    Mg
b.    O
c.    Ca
d.    Mn
e.    K

48.    Vitamin A is stored in the ___.
a.    thyroid
b.    liver
c.    thymus
d.    pancreas
e.    gallbladder

49.    What disease may resemble schizophrenia, and is caused by a deficiency in niacin?
a.    beriberi
b.    kwashiorkor
c.    tetany
d.    keshan disease
e.    pellagra

50.    Beans and peas contain ___ protein.    
a.    15% - 20%
b.    30% - 35%
c.    20% - 25%
d.    10% - 15%
e.    25% - 30%

51.    Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for oxygen?
a.    Fe
b.    O
c.    Mn
d.    Na
e.    K

52.    Which organ is the most complex and indispensable organ in the body?
a.    heart
b.    kidney
c.    stomach
d.    liver
e.    none of the above

53.    Sandy soil does not have the ability to retain water like clay-humus mixtures, and plants growing in it are not easily damaged by droughts.
a.    true
b.    false

54.    Carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body accelerate the conversion of stored carbohydrates into a usable form, gearing the cells for emergency operations.
a.    true
b.    false

55.    The lower part of the digestive system is used for elimination.
a.    true
b.    false

56.    Grain is disrupted by grinding, crackling or rolling it, but it can remain alive.
a.    true
b.    false

57.    If a fever is present, do not ___.
a.    drink soda
b.    fast
c.    drink broth
d.    all of the above
e.    none of the above

58.    Sodium and potassium are alkaline.
a.    true
b.    false

59.    Copper is necessary for the stored vitamin A in the liver to be released into the blood.
a.    true
b.    false

60.    When we are emotionally upset, our appetite increases and digestion is very easy.
a.    true
b.    false

61.    Nuts should only be eaten fresh.
a.    true
b.    false

62.    High levels of ___ can interfere with copper absorption.
a.    iron
b.    vitamin K
c.    zinc
d.    vitamin C
e.    manganese

63.    What part of modern man's diet supplies the majority of fuel that is burned by the body?
a.    vegetables
b.    fats
c.    grains
d.    meat
e.    starch

64.    What is the study of the complex molecular structures found in animal and plant matter?
a.    biodiversity
b.    organic chemistry
c.    entomology
d.    biology
e.    anthropology

65.    What are the basic building blocks of the body?
a.    vitamins
b.    carbohydrates
c.    minerals
d.    fats
e.    proteins

66.    There are over ___ pounds of bacteria in the colon.
a.    3
b.    5
c.    4
d.    2
e.    6

67.    Rice can require ___ less insulin than a potato to provide energy (calories).
a.    75%
b.    60%
c.    80%
d.    50%
e.    70%

68.    When plant foods are cooked, the heat causes the starch inside the cell to swell, breaking down the cellulose wall and freeing the nutrients so they can be accessible to the digestive process.
a.    true
b.    false

69.    Dairy products, eggs, fish, meat, fowl and some fermented bean preparations are part of the B12 group.
a.    true
b.    false

70.    Nuts, beans, peas, green leafy vegetables and germ are some of the richest sources of vitamin B complex.
a.    true
b.    false

71.    In this country, there is much confusion about what a healthy diet really is.
a.    true
b.    false

72.    Cells of the inner lining of the skin are flat, scale-like squamous cells.
a.    true
b.    false

73.    Which of the following is a symptom of anemia?
a.    fatigue
b.    paleness
c.    tiredness
d.    all of the above
e.    none of the above

74.    What are the two major components of soil?
a.    clay and muck
b.    sand and clay
c.    humus and sand
d.    sand and muck
e.    humus and clay

75.    Chemically fertilized soil makes plants more susceptible to insect attack and competition from weeds.
a.    true
b.    false

76.    What two health problems are virtually unknown in Africa and Natal, where the cane workers chew sugar cane?
a.    heart disease and cavities
b.    cavities and diabetes
c.    diabetes and cancer
d.    cavities and cancer
e.    none of the above

77.    The surface inside the twenty feet of the small intestine is nearly four times that of ones skin.
a.    true
b.    false

78.    Deficiency in which mineral can result in loss of the sense of taste, which can result in further deficiencies and improper growth?
a.    sodium
b.    magnesium
c.    chromium
d.    iron
e.    zinc

79.    Some of the problems caused by inorganic aluminum are slight, but significant damage to the brain, colitis, stomach ulcers and constipation can result.
a.    true
b.    false

80.    Some factors involved with digestion and absorption of food are how it is chewed, the secretion of enzymes, the condition of the lining of the digestive tract which the nutrients must cross and absorption from the stomach.
a.    true
b.    false

81.    The members of the B complex family are important in the development of what system?
a.    circulatory
b.    reproductive
c.    respiratory
d.    nervous
e.    all of the above

82.    Which kind of tissue and disease processes resulting from nutritional deficiencies are most accessible to objective evaluation and statistical analysis?
a.    teeth and dental issues
b.    digestive system tissue and digestive illnesses
c.    heart tissue and disease
d.    lung tissue and respiratory ailments
e.    skin diseases

83.    Deficiency in which vitamin can result in anemia, sore mouth with cracks at the corners, breathlessness, and memory defects?
a.    vitamin C
b.    vitamin A
c.    vitamin D
d.    vitamin B complex
e.    vitamin E

84.    Deaths from heart disease are lower in areas where the drinking water is soft.
a.    true
b.    false

85.    Vitamin D is more like a ___ than a vitamin.
a.    cholesterol
b.    mineral
c.    hormone
d.    fatty acid
e.    enzyme

86.    What has been considered the smallest unit of life?
a.    molecules
b.    electrons
c.    cells
d.    atoms
e.    none of the above

87.    What is the most highly valued source of starch throughout the world?    
a.    nuts
b.    seeds
c.    honey
d.    corn starch
e.    none of the above

88.    Aspergillus flavus is the most potent, cancer-causing agent known to man.
a.    true
b.    false

89.    What waxy compound is the base from which estrogen, cortisone and testosterone are made in the body?
a.    triglycerides
b.    Omega 3's
c.    EFA's
d.    fat
e.    cholesterol

90.    What is suggested as the primary cause of most depression?
a.    hypoglycemia
b.    smoking
c.    liver dysfunction
d.    calcium deficiency
e.    low oxygen levels

91.    The cells of the stomach lining are made up of ___.
a.    protein
b.    enzymes
c.    hydrochloric acid
d.    mucus
e.    epithelial cells

92.    What is the normal function of vitamin D?
a.    promote the absorption of iron from the intestinal tract
b.    promote the absorption of zinc from the intestinal tract
c.    promote the absorption of calcium from the intestinal tract
d.    promote the absorption of copper from the intestinal tract
e.    none of the above

93.    Why would someone say, “Go west young man?”
a.    to find fertile soil
b.    to make money
c.    to find gold
d.    to get an education
e.    none of the above

94.    Which B vitamin occurs naturally in vegetables and whey, and has been used in Europe for multiple sclerosis?
a.    vitamin B14
b.    vitamin B3
c.    vitamin B11
d.    vitamin B8
e.    vitamin B13

95.    Food that has been fortified is better than food in its natural state.
a.    true
b.    false

96.    Enzymes ___.
a.    break down fat chains
b.    break down old molecules
c.    make sure oxygen combines with sugar for combustion
d.    reassemble new molecules
e.    all of the above

97.    Thyroid hormones slow down the overall tempo of cellular metabolism.
a.    true
b.    false

98.    What phosphorus compounds, found in large quantities in whole grains, beans and peas, can negatively affect the absorption of minerals in the body?
a.    thiophosphate
b.    phytic acid
c.    phosphinates
d.    diphosphorus
e.    phosphonium salt

99.    The parasympathetic nervous system activates the secretion of saliva and other digestive juices, the movement of the intestines and the functioning of the kidneys and liver.
a.    true
b.    false

100.    What type of animal fat has a protective effect on the heart?
a.    organ fat
b.    adipose tissue
c.    fat from the liver
d.    butterfat
e.    fat marbleized through meat