Reference no: EM133944832
Problem
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of disability worldwide. It is characterized by the progressive degeneration of joint cartilage, subchondral bone changes, and synovial inflammation. The condition often affects weight-bearing joints, such as the knees, hips, and spine, but can also impact the hands and other joints.
For this problem, explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying osteoarthritis. Consider the following questions to guide your response:
A. Discuss the role of mechanical stress, inflammation, and cartilage degradation in the progression of osteoarthritis.
B. How does aging contribute to the development of OA? What other risk factors (e.g., obesity, genetics, joint injury) play a significant role in the disease process? Get the instant assignment help.
C. Compare and contrast the normal physiology of articular cartilage with the pathologic changes that occur in osteoarthritis.
D. What are the systemic and local effects of inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases) in the progression of osteoarthritis?
E. How do changes in the subchondral bone, synovium, and surrounding tissues contribute to the clinical manifestations of OA, such as pain, stiffness, and limited mobility?