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You are collaborating with a group of archeologists to reconstruct the history of cattle domestication. Your archeologist colleagues tell you that cattle were already domesticated by 9000 years ago, as evidenced by the appearance of pottery fragments containing traces of milk. However, it is not clear from archeological records when the domestication began, or how large the cattle herds were in the first few millennia after domestication. As a biologist, you are familiar with genetic drift and coalescence so you know that effective population size and the time to last common ancestor can be estimated from the patterns of contemporary genetic diversity. You sequence the coding sequence of a milk protein gene from many cows belonging to different breeds on several continents. From these sequences, you estimate that the effective population size of cattle is 100,000, and all present-day alleles coalesce 600,000 years ago. You realize that this is inconsistent with archeological data (no milk pottery is observed until 9,000 years ago) as well as with our knowledge of human evolution (modern humans evolved only 100,000 years ago). To get more genetic data, you sequence the upstream non-coding sequence of the same gene. When you analyze these sequences, they indicate an effective population size of 5,000 and coalescence time of 3,000 years ago. Given this obvious contradiction between two parts of the same gene, you decide to get more independent data by sequencing the mitochondrial genome and several neutrally evolving nuclear genes. The mtDNA produces the same estimate of population size and coalescence time as the upstream non-coding region of the milk protein gene, while the nuclear genes give you the same estimate as the protein-coding portion of the milk gene. You must now propose evolutionary scenarios that could explain your observations. The current number of cattle on the planet is approximately 1.3 billion, yet all estimates of the effective population size are much lower. List several factors that could contribute to this mismatch.
You have been selected as the change agent for the upcoming implementation of a new HRIS system that will ultimately affect the way all employees complete their daily tasks. The new HRIS system will also necessitate a reduction in workforce.
Write 150 to 200 word paragraphs to describe the significant of purpose, audience, tone, and content in academic writing. Explain your topic sentence.
What are some indications that may prompt an individual to consult a professional for assistance with stress or emotional issues?
Define and critically discuss the concept of primary and secondary social group. Additionally, review the correlation it has on values, norms, and ethics.
Build a case whether an American citizen/resident should be obliged to provide military service to his/her country. Determine Whether American Citizen/resident should be obliged to provide military service to his/her country
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An analysis of how psychology in general has contributed to the legal system. Two specific examples and their impact such as rehabilitation services and ethical/moral decisions.
Patty Kelly notes that “A central aim, if not the central aim, of this book is to make visible that which has been hidden” (p. 5). What hidden truths are made visible in the book? Be sure to give examples from several chapters.
List any bases Robins & Robins could sue Casings, Inc., under contract theory ONLY for the damages caused by the explosives in their drugs, over and above the cost of the capsule shells.
How does human culture affect geography? Which cultures do you believe have had the most significant influence on geography? Provide examples.
What are the similarities between the account of Jesus baptism and the account of the Transfiguration? What do they indicate about the nature of Jesus?
Select one federal and one state Agency which regulates healthcare and examine its role in healthcare delivery, its main functions and how it implements those functions.
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