Habituation can be measured-unconditioned stimuli

Reference no: EM13342097

Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)

1. Habituation can be measured by:

(a) observing whole-body startle reactions to loud tones

(b) measuring the amount of blood flowing into one's brain

(d) all of the above

2. After habituating his animals to a visual stimulus, Dr. Stillman presents a novel tone to his subjects. Following the presentation of the tone, the animals are again shown the initial visual stimulus, but they no longer habituate to this event. What has occurred?

(a) generalization

(b) sensory adaptation

(d) dishabituation

3. Neurons directly involved in the reflex arc have been labeled:

(a) Type S

(b) Type R

(d) Type A

4. Neurons that playa major role in the general level of arousal of the nervous system have been labeled:

(a) Type S

(b) Type R

(d) Type A

5. Why is a CR sometimes called an anticipatory response?

(a) because a subject anticipates that making a CR will lead to some type of reward

(b) because a subject makes a CR during the presentation of the US

(d) none of the above

6. Which of the following methods of classical conditioning is focused on the survival value of conditioned associations?

(a) eyeblink conditioning

(b) SCR measurement

(d) all of the above

7. One possible drawback to evaluative conditioning is:

(a) the reflexes studied are difficult to observe

(b) the SCRs that are to be evaluated can be painful to subjects

(d) none of the above

8. Unconditioned Stimuli:

(a) have no biological significance to an organism

(b) are neutral stimuli

(d) none of the above

9. Unconditioned Stimuli:

(a) can have a sensory element to them

(b) are devoid of emotional significance

(d) are unidimensional

10. In a schedule, reinforcement occurs after a fixed number of responses.

(a) continuous reinforcement

(b) fixed ratio

(d) fixed interval

11. The capacity to inhibit immediate gratification in preference for a larger reward in the long run is central to:

(a) secondary reinforcement

(b) self-control

(d) token reinforcement

12. A teacher giving a student a coupon they can exchange for a pencil, candy, or other reward is an example of this type of reinforcement.

(a) secondary and primary reinforcement

(b) self-control and token reinforcement

(d) secondary and token reinforcement

13. After getting a good grade on an exam, Julie's mom gives Julie a big hug. The behavior of Julie's mom in this situation could best be described as:

(a) secondary reinforcement

(b) social reinforcement

(d) token reinforcement

14.Sales associates' attempts to help customers are sometimes rewarded with sales. Though which customer will buy may be unpredictable, more attempts should produce more sales. Such a schedule would illustrate _ reinforcement:

(a) variable interval

(b) variable ratio

(d) fixed interval

15. Self-Injurious Behavior tends to be treated with:

(a) reinforcement

(b) punishment

(d) learned helplessness

15. Skinner's stance of the use of punishment in treating Self-Injurious Behavior (SIB) was that:

(a) it should not be done because it is immoral

(b) it should not be done because it only reinforces the punisher

(d) it should be done in an intense and painful way, in order to be effective in eliminating the SIB

16.Which of the following can influence the degree to which items in a paired associate learning task become connected to one another?

(a) prior knowledge

(b) preexisting associations

Ic) cognitive elaboration

(d) all of the above

17. Dr. Smith gives his experimental subjects the words BOY and SKY to learn in a paired associate task. After presenting subjects with these two words, subjects must generate a sentence that uses both of the words. Dr. Smith's methodology is studying the effect of which of the following processes on

paired-associate learning?

(a) free recall

(b) cognitive elaboration

(d) direction of associations

18.The existence of long-term memory can be said to be supported by the occurrence of:

(a) the recency effect

(b) the primacy effect

(d) paired-associate learning

19.The idea that words from the same semantic category can be recalled together even if they were not presented as part of the same list is the core idea underlying:

(a) categorical clustering

(b) subjective organization

(d) matrix recall

20.You are asked "Who was the first president of the United States?"To answer this question, you would most likely have to retrieve information from:

(a) short-term memory

(b) semantic memory

(d) procedural memory

21.You are asked "Where were you on 9/1 1 ?" To answer this question, you would most likely have to retrieve information from:

(a) short-term memory

(b) semantic memory

(d) procedural memory

22.. Which of the following is NOT known to produce memory loss?

(a) electroconvulsive therapy

(b) an unusual word appearing in the middle of a list of other words

(d) none of the above

23.The answer to which of the following questions would most likely involve activation of the mechanism(s) behind implicit memory?

(a) "When did you graduate from high school?"

(b) "When is your birthday?"

(d) "Where were you on 9/11?"

24.. A test that makes direct reference to a prior episode is most likely assessing:

(a) incidental memory

(b) implicit memory

(d) explicit memory

25.According to the word-length-effect, which of the following words has the best chance of being recalled correctly?

(a) INCARCERATION

(b) THOUGHTFULNESS

(d) MOUNTAINS

26.The ability to recall, in order of presentation, which of the following number of items from a sequence of items, as indicative of a normal adult memory span:

(a) 12

(b) 4

(d) 2

27. The impairment in patient K.F. suggests that:

(a) one needs STM to get information into LTM

(b) STM is not necessary for the transfer of information into LTM

(d) STM actually has an unlimited capacity

28.Which is NOT listed in your text (Box 8.2) as a condition which can cause memory loss?

(a) Lyme disease

(b) toxic poisoning from bad shellfish

(d) all of the above can cause memory loss

29.According to McCarthy and Warrington (1990) which of the following is NOT a purpose of short term memory?

(a) familiarity

(b) problem solving

(d) gateway to long-term memory

30. High amounts of domain-specific knowledge can lead to the development of:

(a) novice ability

(b) expert ability

(d) procedural memory

31.The enhanced recall of distinctive items, and the impaired recall of information presented just prior to the distinctive stimuli, is referred to as:

(a) the anterograde amnesic effect

(b) the retrograde amnesic effect

(d) the recency effect

32. The occurrence of distinctive stimuli impairing the recall of information presented after the distinctive items is referred to as:

(a) the anterograde amnesic effect

(b) the retrograde amnesic effect

(d) the recency effect

33.At the beginning of yesterday's sociology class, Dr. Smith showed highly suggestive pictures of men and women to illustrate the different forms that pornography can take. After this 5-minute slide show, Dr. Smith gave a 45-minute lecture of pornography and modern society. However, immediately

after the class ended, the students had no memory of the lecture-- all they could recall were the sexually explicit photographs shown at the start of class. This impaired memory is illustrative of:

(a) the anterograde amnesic effect

(b) the retrograde amnesic effect

(d) the recency effect.

Reference no: EM13342097

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