Reference no: EM131291760

Part 1:Multiple Choice Questions

1. The world as we know it today is characterized by:

a. Slower social change than was witnessed in previous decades.
b. Galloping technological changes.
c. More collectivism in comparison to individualism.
d. A movement toward increased industrialization and fewer service industries.

2. Technology makes relationships among people more:

a. fluid and flexible
b. uncomfortable
c. long-lasting
d. confusing

3. The highest levels of technophobia are exhibited by:

a. middle-class men
b. children
c. mid-level managers
d. the uneducated and minority group members

4. The gap between use of computers by men and women:

a. has narrowed
b. remains the same
c. has widened
d. None of the above is true.

5. The fastest growing segment of the U.S. population is:

a. African Americans
b. Hispanics
c. Caucasians
d. Asians

6. One of the dramatic changes in the United States today is the increase in:

a. the homogeneity of the population
b. blue-collar workers
c. manufacturing and heavy industry
d. cultural diversity

7. Child development involves:

a. all of the following
b. enduring changes
c. biological changes
d. changes due to the environment

8. The number of children in the United States is projected to increase to million by 2030.

a. 46
b. 66
c. 88
d. 98

9. Which perspective on personality is primarily concerned with the influence of genetics?

a. biological
b. ecological
c. psychodynamic
d. humanistic

10. Most researchers agree that intelligence and have strong genetic influences.

a. clothing choices
b. interests
c. occupations
d. sociability

11. Which of Bronfenbrenner's systems refers to the setting the child is currently in?

a. macrosystem
b. mesosystem
c. microsystem
d. exosystem

12. In the , children and adolescents are influenced by social settings that they do not take part in.

a. microsystem
b. mesosystem
c. exosystem
d. macrosystem

13. Choose the false statement.

a. The five senses decline with age.
b. Older drivers have more accidents than younger drivers.
c. Older adults are less likely to get a cold.
d. Reaction time slows with age.

14. In the last decade, a trend seen in young adults' behavior is that:

a. More young adults are moving in with their parents.
b. More young adults are majoring in humanities and social sciences.
c. More females than males between 20-24 years old are living with their parents.
d. Many are less concerned with social issues, such as the environment.

15. The motherhood-penalty refers to the fact that:

a. Mothers pay more in health insurance.
b. Women are waiting longer to become mothers.
c. Working mothers are viewed as less competent than non-mothers.
d. There are increasing numbers of women with infertility issues.

16. Compared to couples in the past, young married couples today are:

a. having mostly girl babies
b. starting their families later
c. having larger families
d. starting their families earlier

17. What does research on midlife reveal?

a. There really is a midlife crisis.
b. Young adults are clearly happier than older adults.
c. Middle-aged women are happier than middle-aged men.
d. Life satisfaction tends to peak at about 65 years of age.

18. Some of the most obvious signs of middle age include:

a. memory loss
b. better eyesight
c. changes in physical appearance
d. None of the above.

19. The process of ascribing the cause of an event to something:

a. is known as self-assessment
b. maintains a balanced view of self-concept
c. is labeled self-activation
d. is called attribution

20. "The self I see myself to be," is called:

a. the ideal self
b. self image
c. the social self
d. body image

21. "The way I feel others see me," makes up the:

a. social self
b. self-image
c. ideal self
d. private self

22. Our aspirations, morality, and values make up the:

a. public self
b. ideal self
c. self-image
d. social self

23. It may be most appropriate for us to modify our ideal self when our aspirations prove to be:

a. excessive or unrealistic
b. unattainable in principle
c. consistent and unchangeable
d. unaffected by daily experience

24. More so than for most Americans, the self-concept of the Japanese include which of the following?

a. ideal self
b. private self
c. familial self
d. None of the above.

25. Experiences that are consistent with both our sensory reactions and self-concept:

a. are rarely accurately labeled
b. are usually distorted
c. comprise the core of our self-concept
d. are denied to awareness

Part 2:Multiple Choice Questions

1. The mental image we form of our own bodies is called:

a. unembodiment
b. body image
c. self awareness
d. health psychology

2. Media portrayals appear to increase in men a desire to be:

a. thinner
b. heavier
c. more muscular
d. less muscular

3. As people age:

a. they worry more about their weight
b. they are less concerned with body image
c. men worry about their looks while women don't
d. women criticize men's appearance more than men do

4. According to the text, most physicians and mental health professionals now believe that:

a. Psychological factors affect only stress-related illnesses.
b. There is a mutual interaction between our minds and bodies.
c. Physical events do not affect our emotional lives.
d. The body alone should be the basis of medical diagnosis and treatment.

5. Which is NOT one of the traits psychologists use when describing personality?

a. conscientiousness
b. agreeableness
c. extroversion
d. happiness

6. According to Bandura, individuals can best develop high self-efficacy by:

a. fantasizing about their body ideal
b. monitoring the behaviors they wish to change
c. practicing self-deprivation
d. keeping their weight loss private

7. BMI combined with can be a good indicator of who is carrying too much weight.

a. chest circumference
b. hip width
c. waist circumference
d. neck circumference

8. The belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments is called:

a. self-efficacy
b. fate or luck
c. perceived control
d. internal reinforcement

9. locus of control is when a person believes they have control; locus of control is when a person feels an outside source has control.

a. Internal; external
b. External; internal
c. Personal; exterior
d. Personal; external

10. In China (as compared to the U.S.), students are more likely to attribute school success to:

a. control
b. fate
c. luck
d. self-efficacy

11. People in western societies are likely to have an locus of control; people in eastern countries are likely to have an locus of control.

a. internal; external
b. external; internal
c. internal; internal
d. external; external

12. What type of control is an attempt to change the world to fit one's needs?

a. internal control
b. external control
c. primary control
d. secondary control

13. When is optimism not appropriate?

a. If your goal involves planning for a risky and uncertain future.
b. If your goal is to counsel others whose future is dim.
c. If you want to appear sympathetic to people's troubles.
d. All of the above.

14. arouse us to seek gratification, while direct behavior.

a. Values; conflicts
b. Emotions; necessities
c. Media; economics
d. Needs; motives

15. According to Maslow's hierarchical model of needs, the most urgent need is:

a. the need for self-actualization
b. the lowest level of unmet needs
c. the need for security and other social needs
d. the highest level of unmet needs

16. According to Maslow, the average person's needs are the most satisfied relative to other needs.

a. physiological
b. safety
c. love
d. esteem

17. The need that Maslow says is most difficult to satisfy is:

a. self-actualization
b. safety
c. esteem
d. belonging

18. Eating behavior is strongly affected by:

a. atmospheric pressure as the seasons change
b. the hypothalamus
c. body temperature
d. personal values

19. Du attended college because of his parents' desire for him to be a successful doctor. Thus, his college career was mostly:

a. intrinsically motivated
b. extrinsically motivated
c. motivated by achievement
d. motivated by sensation-seeking

20. Our first impressions of people are generally based on:

a. careful observations
b. sound psychological principles
c. very little information
d. a lot of experience with the person

21. Which principle generally guides notions of physical attractiveness?

a. Ethnocentrism and culture influence our perceptions of attractiveness.
b. Having attractive friends positively influences your own perceived attractiveness.
c. Appropriate hip-to-waist ratio is important to many people.
d. All of these principles affect notions of physical attractiveness.

22. When it comes to physical attraction between people of the opposite sex, the similarity factor implies that:

a. Females seek males who match their parents' images.
b. We seek people who are about as attractive as we are.
c. Males seek females like their mothers, and females seek males like their fathers.
d. We are attracted to people who reciprocate our liking of them.

23. We often decide we like others if they:

a. challenge our attitudes
b. have a greater proportion of shared attitudes with us
c. have a greater number of different attitudes from us
d. are different from us in their appearance and attitudes

24. We are more likely to maintain long-term attraction with someone:

a. with similar traits
b. with complementary traits
c. who is talkative
d. who lives in a collectivistic society

25. Propinquity is especially important in the:

a. middle stages of attraction
b. later stages of attraction
c. early stages of attraction
d. attraction between partners online

Part 3:Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is an example of a primary group?

a. a crowd waiting for a rock concert
b. a kindergarten class
c. a family
d. passengers on a jetliner

2. Which of the following is an example of a secondary group?

a. the psychology class you are presently in
b. a family
c. the graduating seniors at a large university
d. all are secondary groups

3. In-group perceptions can develop:

a. based on ethnicity
b. based on a clear set of rules
c. any time two or more people gather
d. All of the above are ways in-groups develop perceptions.

4. One reason biased individuals tend to hold prejudices is that they:

a. have no other choice because of genetic and social determinants of prejudice
b. seek to enhance their self-esteem by viewing their own group as superior
c. continue receiving criticism for their behavior
d. fear more liberal thinking and critical analysis will leave them at a disadvantage

5. What is the correct sequence of group formation, according to the text?

a. forming, storming, norming, and performing
b. forming, storming, performing, and norming
c. storming, forming, norming, and performing
d. norming, storming, performing, and forming

6. The stage of group formation where the group comes to a consensus about the rules under which it will operate is called:

a. norming
b. performing
c. forming
d. storming

7. One of the reasons cited in the text for joining groups is that groups provide:

a. individual power and aptitude
b. opportunity to pursue individual interests
c. social comparison with others
d. All of the above.

8. The text states that when choosing a career goal, it's best to begin by:

a. asking your parents, spouses, or friends for their ideas
b. looking over the Occupational Outlook Handbook
c. taking stock of yourself
d. scanning the classified ads in the newspaper

9. People who score high on the "realistic" theme of the Strong Interest Inventory would most likely enjoy a job working as a(n):

a. engineer
b. biologist
c. stockbroker
d. accountant

10. People who score high on the "enterprising" theme of the Strong Interest Inventory would prefer a job:

a. investigating abstract problems
b. selling or managing a business
c. working with their hands
d. involving self-expression

11. Psychological inventories such as the Strong Interest Inventory are best used to predict:

a. how happy you'll be in a given career
b. which career you should choose
c. how successful you'll be in a given career
d. how compatible a career might be for you

12. According to the text, when choosing a career, you should base the decision on:

a. your enjoyment of your first job
b. prestige
c. a full exploration of your career options
d. finding a career path as quickly as possible in your early 20s

13. According to the text, a crucial part of the job interview is to:

a. furnish more information than is requested
b. discuss your salary needs early in the interview
c. prepare for the job interview carefully
d. avoid asking questions yourself

14. What is true about sex differences?

a. Women are more likely to misinterpret sexual overtures.
b. Men are more sexually aggressive than women.
c. Women fantasize about having sex with strangers more than men.
d. Men enjoy sex more than women.

15. Which statement regarding adolescent sexuality is false?

a. Youth report learning more about sexuality from the media than from their parents.
b. 63 percent of twelfth graders report having sexual intercourse at least once.
c. More than 50 percent of adolescents have engaged in oral sex by the time they graduate high school.
d. Youth who partake in less sexual media are just as likely to engage in sexual intercourse as heavy viewers.

16. Insults used to denigrate a partner's sexuality are called:

a. criticism
b. contempt
c. withdrawal
d. defensiveness

17. David and Lisa agree that their sex life is very enjoyable. If they are like most partners with a satisfactory sex life, the initiative for sexual intercourse is:

a. taken mostly by Lisa
b. usually taken by David
c. shared equally by David and Lisa
d. mostly used as a way to bargain for other needs

18. The Masters and Johnson team identified phases in the sexual response cycle.

a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7

19. The first stage of the sexual response cycle is:

a. excitement
b. transition
c. resolution
d. plateau

20. Which is true of personal ads?

a. They emphasize the same things, regardless of culture.
b. The number of ads on the Internet has tripled in recent years.
c. Those who are not interested in long-term relationships tend to be more honest in ads.
d. Those who disclose a lot of personal information in ads are less likely to find success.

21. What type of love has the key characteristics of being intimate and passionate without a sense of commitment?

a. liking
b. empty
c. romantic
d. infatuation

22. Sternberg's triangular view of love includes three components of love: intimacy, passion, and:

a. commitment
b. friendship
c. romance
d. compatibility

23. In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, is the motivational aspect that involves arousal and a desire to be united with the loved one.

a. passion
b. commitment
c. romance
d. intimacy

24. The three components of Sternberg's triangular theory of love are:

a. intimacy, passion, and commitment
b. love, sex, and passion
c. sex, companionship, and comfort
d. romance, love, and affection

25. What can we conclude from cross-cultural studies regarding love and intimacy?

a. With regard to romantic love, today's cultures of the world are more dissimilar than ever.
b. Individualistic societies place more emphasis on love as a basis for marriage.
c. Passionate love is correlated with marital satisfaction, but only in American culture due to the influence of Hollywood.
d. Anglos are less idealistic about sex and love than Hispanics.

Part 4:Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to research, which group suffers from stress?

a. high-income employees
b. women
c. well-educated individuals
d. All of the above.

2. Stress that has a beneficial effect on us is called:

a. hyperstress
b. hypostress
c. distress
d. eustress

3. Monotonous jobs typically inspire:

a. eustress
b. hyperstress
c. hypostress
d. distress

4. The life-events approach to conceptualizing stress:

a. considers the total impact of various life changes, such as beginning college or getting married
b. takes into account how individuals perceive a given change
c. includes the stress that comes from chronic conditions, such as a boring job
d. includes the stress caused by everyday incidents, such as losing your keys

5. Which events do college students find particularly stressful, according to research?

a. the transition from high school to college
b. more autonomy over lifestyles
c. maintaining a relationship with family
d. full-time work while attending college

6. Some students feel distressed only in test situations. They might be said to suffer from:

a. acute stress
b. hyperstress
c. eustress
d. hypostress

7. Which term does NOT describe the Type A personality?

a. competitive and sometimes hostile
b. holds rigorous standards
c. distressed and time urgent
d. forgiving and relaxed

8. Which is NOT used when defining psychological disorders?

a. personal distress
b. maladaptive behavior
c. increased freedom or personal control
d. increased risk of suffering disability, pain, or death

9. According to the text, stigmas about mental disorders:

a. are really a legal matter for lawyers and politicians
b. are related primarily to disrespect
c. seem to concern psychologists but not psychiatrists
d. can be defined as the number of new cases per year

10. Women are more likely than men to develop depression in their lifetime.

a. 70%
b. 75%
c. 85%
d. 95%

11. Sets of symptoms more common in some societies are called:

a. culture-bound syndromes
b. culture-clash syndromes
c. secular syndromes
d. societal syndromes

12. Women are more likely to suffer from , while men are more likely to suffer from
.

a. alcohol abuse; depression
b. anxiety; phobia
c. depression; drug abuse
d. phobias; depression

13. Throughout the DSM-IV, the emphasis is on:

a. personal distress.
b. disability or impairment in one or more important areas of functioning.
c. both a and b
d. none of the above

14. Which statement regarding psychotherapy is true?

a. Men are more likely than women to seek professional treatment.
b. It is less likely to be used by those with mild disturbances.
c. About one in five adults with serious psychological problems will seek help from a mental health professional.
d. Women are more likely to mask their problems with alcohol and drugs.

15. Which is NOT one of the common goals of the different forms of therapy?

a. relief from symptoms
b. better understanding of thoughts and feelings
c. modifying problem behaviors
d. All of these are goals of therapy.

16. Which of the following is considered an insight therapy?

a. psychoanalysis
b. behavioral therapy
c. desensitization
d. biomedical therapies

17. In the psychoanalytic approach, the unconscious tendency of clients to project onto the therapist their feelings and fantasies about significant others in their childhood is called:

a. resistance
b. free-association
c. desensitization
d. transference

18. is the most likely to utilize the technique of free association.

a. person-centered therapy
b. behavioral therapy
c. psychoanalysis
d. all use free association

19. Traditionally, psychoanalysis involved sessions times a week, often lasting several years.

a. half-hour, one to two
b. half-hour, three to five
c. one-hour, one to two
d. one-hour, three to five

20. According to the text, what percentage of people frequently think about their own death?

a. 25
b. 30
c. 35
d. 40

21. Kidney disease accounts for number of deaths each year.

a. 562,875
b. 127,924
c. 46,448
d. 22,000

22. What is the leading cause of death in the U.S.?

a. heart disease
b. kidney disease
c. violence
d. accidents

23. People in which age group tend to be most fearful of death?

a. teenagers
b. late 20s
c. early 50s
d. elderly

24. Mary is less fearful of death than many older people her age. According to the text, a major reason for Mary's diminished fear of death probably is her:

a. having cared for a terminally ill friend
b. genuine belief in the afterlife
c. feeling that "it can't happen to me"
d. having a college education

25. Which of the following is NOT typical of near-death experiences?

a. individuals experience a detachment from their bodies
b. there is a reunion with long-lost friends and loved ones
c. there is a brilliant light
d. there is a life review with a sense of judgment upon it