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In order for multicellular organisms to develop properly and maintain homeostasis, the cells must be able to communicate with each other so that their responses are appropriate and coordinated. Chemical signals released by a cell carry information to cells nearby or far away about how to respond. One example of a chemical signal is a hormone called ghrelin, which was discovered in 1999. Previous research suggests that ghrelin may be involved in development of the pancreas, an organ essential for maintaining blood sugar levels and for aiding digestion of food in the small intestine. Organisms cannot live without a pancreas, therefore, understanding how this organ develops and functions is important for treating medical conditions that arise. To learn more, a team of researchers asked "Is ghrelin necessary for proper formation of the pancreas? If so, how?" They hypothesized that organisms lacking the hormone ghrelin would be missing the proper number and types of cells necessary for pancreatic function. To test this hypothesis, the researchers created mice that lacked ghrelin and compared them to normal mice that contained ghrelin. They removed the pancreas from four mice in each group at three different times (13.5 days, 15.5 days, and 18.5 days) during fetal development. (A total of 12 mice lacking ghrelin and 12 normal mice.) Each pancreas was treated so the researchers could count the number of different types of cells and the quantity of each type. Since the entire pancreas could not be seen at one time, the scientists counted cells using 10 slices out of 100 slices.
1) What are the dependent, independent, and controlled variables?
2) Identify the control group, the number of replicates and the sample size.
What have to be true of the cell wall of this bacterium? Mammalian blood contains an equivalent of 0.15 M. Seawater contains the equal of 0.45 M. What will occur if red blood cells are transferred to seawater.
Hermann Kolbe's synthesis of an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic substances that had been prepared straight from pure elements was an important milestone for what reason.What piece of evidence contradicts this claim.
Calculate the steady state concentration of radon in the huse assume the ambient concentration is negligible. What is the genus of these bacteria.
In metabolically active cells, protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial such that the pH of the mitochondrial matrix is ?8 compared with the neutral pH.
A geneticist determines that long hair length in mink is dominant over short hair (recessive).define how his geneticist friend should advise.
There has not been rain for many months. A biologist is driving down the highway and notices that a big number of corn fields have corn that is wilted and short.
One of the major categories of receptors in the plasma membrane reacts by forming dimmers, adding phosphate groups, and then activating relay proteins. Which kind does this.
Provide your opinion as to why the progress of gene therapy has been disappointingly slow. Give several specific examples of actual failures in gene therapy trials.
What happens to transcription at the lac operon when lactose is absent and present explain your answer.
In the F2 of his cross of red flowered x white flowered Pisum, Mendel obtained 705 plants with red flowers and 224 with white.
A patient suffers with symptoms of an upper respiratory infection, especially nasal congestion. Determine which category of autonomic drugs would be the best choice for his treatment?
A cross was performed between two black mice who are known to be heterozygous for that coat color trait. They produce 23 offspring in the first generation. Seventeen black and six white.
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