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Leucine is an essential amino acid with the systematic name 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid. It has pKa1=2.36 and pKa2=9.60
1. Draw the condensed structure for leucine, and label all chirality centers with an asterisk
2. Draw a Fischer projection of L-leucine and label the chirality center(s) as R or S.
3. What is the pI of leucine?
4. Draw the structure of the predominant form of leucine at pH=1.50
5. Leucine is described as an essential amino acid. What does this mean?
6. Show how leucine might be synthesized using the Knowles enantioselective synthesis.
7. Show the alkyl halide you would use to prepare leucine by the amidomalonate method
The dye used in the Simmons Citrate Agar is called bromthymol blue. It is green at neutral pH and turns blue as alkalinity increases.
Widespread resistance of malarial parasite to drugs like chloroquine has prompted attempts to develop a malarial vaccine to combat malaria. Why is it difficult to develop an effective malaria vaccine?
What is potentiation and how does it pose a threat to living organisms. what responsibility does carson believe scientists have to the public.
If there are 800 individuals in a chicken population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and 128 of these have white feathers, how many of the chickens have black feathers?
A signalling pathway in the cell is turned on by phosphorylation, leading to decreases in cell division. What is the effect of a mutation that results in the overexpression of an oncogene coding for a phosphatase that works on this pathway?
Assume if we are assessing transcription of two genes, one containing a promoter and the second containing a cis –acting element and an enhancer.
Assume you are studying three traits in tropical fish: black and white striped pattern is completely dominant to solid color. For eye color, brown eyes are dominant to hazel eyes.
What percent of the population are homozygous dominant. What do you assume would be the effect on the switch of reversing orientation of one of the hix sites.
Explain why cells need to receive nutrients (explain what nutrients are & give examples)? Explain why cells need to receive & send messages (briefly explain how cells of the body communicate and why it is important for cells to communicate).
What is an example of energy coupling starting with Glucose as the reactant? And what is an example of energy coupling starting with ATP as well?
A mouse species has three phenotypes, black, brown and white. There are two genes responsible, and there is epistasis between the two genes. If two white mice mate, what is the probability that their first offspring will be white?
Consider two hypothetical recessive autosomal genes a and b, where a heterozygote is testcrossed to a double-homozygous mutant. Predict the phenotypic ratios under the following conditions. For parts B, C, and D the mutations are in cis.
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