Reference no: EM131085248

Immune Disorders in Pediatrics and Geriatrics

You began exploring the pathophysiology and treatment for immune disorders, such as HIV, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus E. You continue this exploration as you consider these disorders in specific patient groups: pediatrics and geriatrics. As an advanced practice nurse, you must understand the differences in the pathophysiology of these patients, as well as how the drugs used to treat immune disorders might impact the body systems of pediatric and geriatric patients. These two patient groups process and respond to drugs differently than the average adult in their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. For this reason, special consideration must be taken when treating immune disorders in pediatric and geriatric patients.

To prepare:

• Review this week's media presentation on antimicrobials.
• Select one of the following immune disorders: HIV, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, or systemic lupus E (SLE)
• Think about the pathophysiology of your selected disorder. Compare pathophysiological changes in pediatric and geriatric patients.
• Consider the types of drugs that are used to treat symptoms associated with your selected disorder. Reflect on how the drugs might impact various body systems in pediatric and geriatric patients, as well as measures you might take to help reduce any negative effects.
• Reflect on how you might educate a pediatric patient on the disorder you selected and how you might educate a geriatric patient on the same disorder. Consider how you would promote medication adherence, as well.

To complete:

Write a 3- to 4-page paper that addresses the following:

1. Explain the pathophysiology of the disorder you selected. Then, compare pathophysiological changes in pediatric and geriatric patients.

2. Describe the types of drugs that are used to treat symptoms associated with the disorder you selected. Explain how these drugs might impact various body systems in pediatric and geriatric patients, as well as measures you might take to help reduce any negative effects.

3. Explain how you might educate a pediatric patient on the disorder you selected and how you might educate a geriatric patient on the same disorder. Include your rationale for each approach, as well as how you would promote medication adherence.

4. Summary with conclusion

Reminder:

*Put headings on every section.

*Please utilize my resources below at least three references on the list and you can add more at least 3 or more from your own resources (Citation/references must be 5 years old between 2011 and 2016)...

RESOURCES:

Readings

• Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

o Chapter 5, "Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing"

This chapter examines how the body responds to injury and infection by exploring the first, second, and third lines of defense. It also covers wound healing and alterations of the wound-healing process.

o Chapter 6, "Adaptive Immunity"

This chapter examines the third line of defense, adaptive immunity. It also covers the roles of antigens and immunogens, the humoral immune response, cell-mediated immunity, and the production of B and T lymphocytes in the immune response.

o Chapter 7, "Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense"

This chapter covers the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of disorders resulting from infection, deficiencies in immunity, and hypersensitivity. It also examines the pathophysiology of an important immune disorder: HIV/AIDS.

o Chapter 8, "Stress and Disease"

This chapter evaluates the impact of stress on various body systems and the immune system. It also examines coping mechanisms and disorders related to stress.

o Chapter 39, "Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument"

This chapter begins with an overview of the structure and function of skin. It then covers effects of aging on skin, as well as disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.

o Chapter 40, "Alterations of Integument in Children"

This chapter covers alterations of the integument that affect children. These include acne vulgaris, dermatitis, infections of the skin, insect bites and parasites, vascular disorders, and other skin disorders.

• Poole Arcangelo, V., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

o Chapter 8, "Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy"

This chapter covers factors that impact the selection of an antimicrobial treatment regimen. It also examines the clinical uses, adverse events, and drug interactions of various antimicrobial agents, such as penicillin

o Chapter 12, "Fungal Infections of the Skin"

This chapter explores the pathophysiology of several fungal infections of the skin, as well as related drug treatments. It also examines the importance of patient education when managing these infections.

o Chapter 14, "Bacterial Infections of the Skin"

This chapter begins by examining causes of bacterial infections. It then explores the importance of selecting an appropriate agent for treating bacterial infections.

o Chapter 32, "Urinary Tract Infection"

This chapter covers drugs used to treat urinary tract infections. It also identifies special considerations when treating geriatric patients, pediatric patients, and women.

o Chapter 35, "Sexually Transmitted Infections"

This chapter outlines the causes, pathophysiology, and drug treatment of six sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea, syphilis, and human papilloma virus infection (HPV). It also examines the importance of selecting the proper agent and monitoring patient response to treatment.

o Chapter 48, "Human Immunodeficiency Virus"

This chapter presents the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and prevention methods for HIV. It also covers various methods of drug treatment and patient factors to consider when selecting, administering, and managing drug treatments.

• Yi, H., Shidlo, A., & Sandfort, T. (2011). Assessing maladaptive responses to the stress of being at risk of HIV infection among HIV-negative gay men in New York City. Journal of Sex Research, 48(1), 62-73.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This study assesses behaviors and attitudes toward HIV based on knowledge about infection and advances in medical treatment. It also examines the impact of maladaptive responses to the stress of HIV risk.

• Scourfield, A., Waters, L., & Nelson, M. (2011). Drug combinations for HIV: What's new? Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 9(11), 1001-1011. Retrieved from https://www.expert-reviews.com/doi/abs/10.1586/eri.11.125

This article examines current therapies and strategies for treating HIV patients. It also examines factors that impact the selection of therapy, including drug interactions, personalization of therapy, costs, management of comorbidities, and patient response.

• Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from www.drugs.com

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs, including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

Media

• Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012b). Antimicrobials. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This media presentation outlines principles of antimicrobial therapy.

Optional Resources

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Retrieved August 10, 2012, fromhttps://www.cdc.gov

• Haymarket Media, Inc. (2012). Monthly prescribing reference [Online database]. Retrieved fromhttps://www.empr.com/

• Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.ismp.org/

• Medscape. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.medscape.com/