Explain the definition of machine learning

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Reference no: EM132371575 , Length: word count:2500

Assessment Details

Assessment Task

Students are required to write an academic report as per the format outlined in chapter 5 of the textbook. The report must follow the CQU APA referencing style. See the American Psychological Association (APA) abridged guide updated Term 1 2019 available from: CQU APA referencing style. Please note that the prescribed textbook uses APA referencing guidelines. See also the Referencing Style subsection below.

The report is to be based on the following case study.

Background context:

Without referring to a rigorous definition of intelligence, which one of the following is more intuitively intelligent? An iPhone or a 5-year-old child? One would reasonably think that a 5-year-old is more intelligent not because they can perform complicated calculations at their age but because they have the potential to learn to perform well in a variety of settings.

The ability to learn is an integral part of intelligence. Thanks to the ever-increasing computational power, much advancement has been possible in the field of machine learning, which is fundamentally concerned about how we can build computer systems and algorithms that can automatically improve with experience.

Some machine learning algorithms mimic the way humans learn. Whenever they make a mistake, they receive a punishment; whenever they perform well, they receive a reward. Assuming machines are programmed to maximise the total reward, over time they will learn to choose actions that lead to reward rather than punishment. This particular type of machine learning is called reinforcement learning.

Some machine learning algorithms are based on a large training dataset. For example, spam filtering algorithms can be trained with a large set of emails labelled "spam" and "not spam". Those algorithms are intelligent enough to extract the "features" in spam emails that can be used to discern spam from normal emails. This type of machine learning algorithm is commonly called statistical machine learning.

Machine learning has been adopted in an increasing number of applications - it is the backbone of many well-known applications that we use every day, for example, face recognition, natural language processing, fraud detection and personalised recommendations on Netflix, Amazon and Youtube.

Case study situation:

You are an IT consultant of a consulting company. Your company has an excellent track record for applying innovation to unlock trapped value within their clients' organisation and helping them to embrace IT innovation. One of your clients, JD has recently contacted you to prepare a document on the use of machine learning in their company.

Here are the details of your client company:

JD is an Australian online retailer that sells a large range of merchandise, including consumer electronics, apparel/accessories and books to customers worldwide. With the mass adoption of e-commerce, JD saw a robust increase in sales over the past decade. However, as the big players in this industry continued their quest to capture market share, shoppers around the world only spent A$200 million on retail goods purchased on JD's online store over the past 2018/19 fiscal year. This is 20% down from the A$250 million of the previous year.

The Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of JD believes the application of machine learning in their company equates with future business success and is keen to increase the role that machine learning plays in their customer's experience. "Consumers expected personalised recommendations tailored to their individual tastes and preferences. Many online retailer platforms have embedded machine learning algorithms to entice customers and to make sure they keep coming back to their online retail stores", said the CTO of JD, "machine learning can also be applied in other business functional areas, for example, automated resume screening in HR, to increase the overall business efficiency to gain a competitive edge in this industry".

Before JD shifts their IT strategy to embrace the power of machine learning, they want your organisation to prepare a document addressing the following tasks:

(1) Explain the definition of machine learning, and the difference and relationship between artificial intelligence and machine learning;

(2) Survey the application of machine learning in three different industries other than e-Commerce;

(3) Investigate how machine learning can be adopted in JD. Discuss its application to at least two different business functional areas of JD; and the advantages and disadvantages of its application.

(4) Discuss the ethical, legal and social issues about the application of machine learning on online retailer platforms;

(5) Make at least three recommendations as to how JD can adopt machine learning in their business.

You have to complete this investigation and write a report for your team leader in the next three weeks. Since this is an initial investigation the report should not contain in-depth technical details.

Please note that you might need to make some assumptions about the company in order to write this report. These assumptions should match the information in the case study and not contradict with the objectives of the report. They should be incorporated in the introduction of your report when you describe the organisation and outline the problem to be solved. Relevant assumptions should be incorporated when addressing tasks 2 and 3 above. To avoid loss of marks, do not make assumptions that are not relevant or contradictory, or will not be used in your report discussion.

Specifically, your report should include the following (word count details are approximate guidelines):

1. Title page: unit code and name, assessment number, report title, assessment due date, word count (actual), student name, student number, CQU email address, campus lecturer/tutor, and unit coordinator. If applicable, add extension request ID and the new due date. Must be formatted to a standard required for a professional/business report. Check week 6 materials for example of a professionally formatted title page. Not included in the word count.

2. Executive summary: should include the purpose of the report, the problem including key issues considered and how they were investigated, your findings, and an overview of your recommendations. This part should be approximately three quarters of an A4 page but must not be longer than one (1) A4 page. Not included in the word count.

3. Table of Contents (ToC): should list the report topics using decimal notation. Need to include the main headings and subheadings with corresponding page numbers, using a format that makes the hierarchy of topics clear. Because you are including a ToC the report pages should be numbered in the footer as follows: title page has no page number; preliminaries should use Roman Numerals and the main text (from the start of the introduction) to have Arabic numerals (‘common numbers' - i.e. 1,2,3,etc.) commencing at 1. Create the ToC using MS Word's ToC auto-generator rather than manually typing out the ToC.

5. Body of the report (use appropriate headings in the body of the report.): Define key terms you will use in your report that are directly related to the problem and the technology considered. Then present your ideas on the topic and discuss the information you found in your research that was relevant to the report's objectives. Provide an analysis of the information that you gathered. Ensure that you explore the tasks listed in the case study scenario.

Do NOT use generic words such as ‘Body, Body of the Report, Tasks' as section headings.

Create meaningful headings and subheadings that reflect the topic and content of your report. Should be approximately 1850 words.

6. Conclusion: restate the purpose of the report and key issues investigated and the related findings based on your research and analysis. Explain the significance of your findings for addressing the problem stated in the case scenario and any limitations. State how your report has achieved its objectives and any future work to be considered. Should be approximately 250 words.

7. Recommendations: 3 to 5 recommendations required. Format according to the Report Writing Guidelines discussed in the Unit. Should be approximately 150 words.

8. Reference list. Not included in the word count.

9. Appendices if necessary. Not included in the word count.

Reference no: EM132371575

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Reviews

len2371575

9/16/2019 4:18:30 AM

References (1): Thorough research indicated; clear well-thought out analysis clearly integrated into discussion. Analysed and evaluated information in great depth. Used references to support, extend, and inform, but not substitute writer’s own development of ideas. Combined material from a variety of sources. Did not overuse quotes. All references conformed to the Triple R framework and recent (within the last 5 years). Evidence of research and analysis of the references based on the ARE framework. Selection and use of references based on the Triple R framework (relevant, reliable, and reputable). References (2): In- More than ten current references 14 - 15*. Approximately 60% or more of the references were academic references; All of sources are very well reputed. Thorough referencing. Citations and reference list accurate and consistent with APA referencing style. All citations/references listed. *Note: Use of more than 15 references not penalised but no extra marks. Excessive number of references may impact on the original development of ideas and hence marks to other criteria.

len2371575

9/16/2019 4:18:21 AM

Recommendations Suggested 3 specific actions to address the problem. Actions were clearly based on the findings of the report. Organisation and Sequence of ideas was effective. Excellent sentence structure. Well-constructed paragraphs; clear linkages between paragraphs. Written expression was clear and correct; Grammar excellent; correct use of punctuation; minimal or no spelling errors; and evidence of thorough proof-reading. Observed professional conventions of written English and report format. structure of the Report: - ideas/main points; - grammar, punctuation and spelling; and - structure of sentences and paragraphs. Report Layout - Title page; - length and formatting. Title page contained all necessary information. Correct length as specified. Tidy final version - including no, track changes or unnecessary spacing or indentations, correct alignment of sections. Formatted using 12 point font (Times New Roman), 1.5 line spacing and margins of 2.54 cm.

len2371575

9/16/2019 4:18:10 AM

Body of the Selected exact amount of relevant material that Report: Selection supports argument with no contradictions. and sequencing of subject material; including evidence. Substantial, logical, & concrete development of ideas. Arguments were logical and clear. All tasks in the specifications addressed. Assumptions were made explicit. Key terms were defined. Details were relevant, original, and convincingly interpreted. Conclusion Problem restated clearly, main points and supporting arguments summarised. Stated the significance of the findings and that the objectives of the report had been met. No new material.

len2371575

9/16/2019 4:18:02 AM

Introduction Set the scene for the report; gave some background information for the topic. Included a brief description of the organisation. The introduction contained the proper parts but there is room for improvement. The introduction had parts which were too brief. Did not include enough detail. The introduction lacked clarity Had a number of incomplete or missing parts. The introduction was missing or was a repeat of the executive summary. It did not clearly introduce the report. 4 Stated the objectives of the investigation. Included the problem you are addressing and the key issues to be explored. Explained the research method used to gather information. Outlined the sections of the report. It did not clearly introduce the report. Introduction too short or long - did not meet the structural requirements in the specifications

len2371575

9/16/2019 4:17:56 AM

Criteria Quality High Distinction Executive summary The executive summary contained: - a brief description of the purpose of the report - the definition of the problem, key issues explored, and how they were investigated - a summary of what you found and what you concluded - overview of your recommendations - meets the recommended length as in given the specifications. Table of contents Lists the report topics using decimal notation. Includes meaningful main headings and subheadings with corresponding page numbers. Format makes the hierarchy of topics clear. Auto generated using MS Word. All pages are numbered in the report

len2371575

9/16/2019 4:15:37 AM

4. Introduction: provide a brief description of the organisation as given in the case scenario including any assumptions, a concise overview of the problem you have been asked to research, the main aims/purpose of the report, the objectives to be achieved by writing the report (include the tasks outlined in the case study) and how you investigated the problem. Provide an outline of the sections of the report. Should be approximately 250 words. 5. Body of the report (use appropriate headings in the body of the report.): Define key terms you will use in your report that are directly related to the problem and the technology considered. Then present your ideas on the topic and discuss the information you found in your research that was relevant to the report’s objectives. Provide an analysis of the information that you gathered. Ensure that you explore the tasks listed in the case study scenario.

len2371575

9/16/2019 4:15:29 AM

3. Table of Contents (ToC): should list the report topics using decimal notation. Need to include the main headings and subheadings with corresponding page numbers, using a format that makes the hierarchy of topics clear. Because you are including a ToC the report pages should be numbered in the footer as follows: title page has no page number; preliminaries should use Roman Numerals and the main text (from the start of the introduction) to have Arabic numerals (‘common numbers’ – i.e. 1,2,3,etc.) commencing at 1. Create the ToC using MS Word’s ToC auto-generator rather than manually typing out the ToC.

len2371575

9/16/2019 4:15:20 AM

Specifically, your report should include the following (word count details are approximate guidelines): 1. Title page: unit code and name, assessment number, report title, assessment due date, word count (actual), student name, student number, CQU email address, campus lecturer/tutor, and unit coordinator. If applicable, add extension request ID and the new due date. Must be formatted to a standard required for a professional/business report. Check week 6 materials for example of a professionally formatted title page. Not included in the word count. 2. Executive summary: should include the purpose of the report, the problem including key issues considered and how they were investigated, your findings, and an overview of your recommendations. This part should be approximately three quarters of an A4 page but must not be longer than one (1) A4 page. Not included in the word count.

len2371575

9/16/2019 4:15:08 AM

The length of the report must be within the recommended range. If the report exceeds the maximum word count the marker will stop marking after 2750 words. Please note that you might need to make some assumptions about the company in order to write this report. These assumptions should match the information in the case study and not contradict with the objectives of the report. They should be incorporated in the introduction of your report when you describe the organisation and outline the problem to be solved. Relevant assumptions should be incorporated when addressing tasks 2 and 3 above.

len2371575

9/16/2019 4:14:46 AM

Assessments provide the opportunity for students to demonstrate their knowledge and skills to achieve the required standard. To do this, assessment responses need to be both clear and easy to understand. If not, the University cannot determine that students have demonstrated their knowledge and skills. Assessments will, therefore, be marked accordingly including the potential for 0 (zero) marks where relevant. The report must focus on the case study scenario given in the Assessment Task section. Any assessment items that do not address the case study scenario may be awarded 0 (zero) marks. If you use Track Changes when writing your report, you must ensure that the submitted document is the final and correct version of the document. That is, if your submitted report contains Track Changes or Comments or any other editing marks it may be awarded 0 (zero) marks. It is your responsibility to submit the final and correct version of your report.

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