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Provided the rising rates of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension in the U.S. and other industrialized nations, you are interested in studying the importance of cholesterol transport in the sodium re-absorptive pathways in the kidney that are important for blood pressure control. One way to study this pathway is to use a mouse model in which an important transporter for cholesterol is "knocked out."Standard gene targeting methods to "knock out" the cholesterol transporter, Abca1, create mice with several severe developmental abnormalities including glomerulonephritis, a kidney defect that would confound the study of other renal processes in this model. For this reason, you decided to make a tissue specific knockout mouse where Abca1 is only "knocked out" in your cell type of interest, the renal collecting duct principal cell. Luckily, you discover a commercially available, floxed Abca1 transgenic mouse model and a Cre-recombinase expressing mouse with the Cre gene downstream of the promoter for the water channel that is expressed in collecting duct principal cells (Aqp2).Questions:1) Describe the Cre/Lox system used to generate tissue-specific knockout mice.2) Reading about the Aqp2-Cre mouse model, you discover that the Aqp2 promoter also causes Cre expression in the vas deferens and testes of male mice. Since these tissues also express Abca1, you desire to avoid mating Aqp2-Cre males as they are infertile. Design a breeding scheme (hint: use Punnett squares) that will produce Aqp2-Cre and floxed Abca1 mice without breeding Aqp2-Cre expressing male mice. (Remember the Cre recombinase gene only needs to be present on one chromosome to function.)What are the ratios of different genotypes that this breeding scheme will produce?3) In question 2 above, which genotypes would serve as your controls for future experiments? Why?
Explain why bacteria do not have apoptotic signaling pathways.
Discuss why are heterotrophic, autotrophic and mixotrophic protists not classified as plants or animals?
The component of immune system which protects against pathogens without requiring prior sensitization is referred to as.
Explain the role of double helix in complimentary base pairing in DNA replication. What does it mean when we say that the two strands of DNA in the double helix are antiparallel?
why the plasma membrane exists in all living things.
Biology Quiz: Using information at the CDC Influenza website, What is the most prevalent strain of influenza that is circulating in the 2012-13 flu season (Select one)?
non covalent interactions which are most important. What is the driving force for proteins that are embedded in lipid membranes?
While the nurse applies the sharp point of the pin on his arm several times, he is only able to identify these as one "very sharp prick." What would be the most correct explanation for this.
explain What would be the general genetic Term
In maize, a dominant allele (A) is essential for seed color as opposed to colorless (a). Another gene has a recessive allele (w) which results in waxy starch, as opposed to normal starch (W).
Mating between black rats of identical genotype produced offspring as follows: 14 cream colored, 47 black, and nineteen albino.
Prokaryotes rise in number through asexual reproduction, brings in variation in the population through conjugation, transduction and transformation.
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