Reference no: EM133293014

1. Among human Igs, the ability to bind and activate C1 is greatest for IgD,IgE and IgE thus making them potent activators of the classical complement pathway.

2. MHC class I molecules are negative regulators of natural killer cell function.

3. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a marker highly specific for inflammation, and is caused by an increased concentration, of acute phase proteins leading to a decrease in plasma viscosity.

4. The common γ chain is an intracellular signaling molecule, enabling explain the functional overlap of members of G-protein-coupled receptors L-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and TNF cytokines.

5. The lectin pathway is activated by PAMPs, in the absence of antibody, and is thus part of the innate immune defenses and is involved in the rapid response to pathogens. The alternative pathway of complement activation can be triggered by almost any foreign substance, and in the absence of specific antibody. Thus, the alternative pathway is a key part of the innate immune defenses, involved early in the response to pathogens. The most classical complement pathway is a major effector mechanism of the adaptive immune defense

6. The final stages of all complement pathways are identical.

7. Exposure of innate immune cells to lipopolysaccharide causes their release of cytokines called endogenous pyrogens (because they cause fever) such as IL-1,which induces the hypothalamus to drastically lower the body temperature, because adaptive immune responses will be more intense.