Reference no: EM132446603

ANSWER
Make sure the Responses includes the Following: (a) an understanding of the weekly content as supported by a scholarly resource, (b)the provision of a probing question. (c) stay on topic

1. The evolution of altruism can be explained by kin selection and reciprocity. Kin selection is the idea that people help family before helping others (Gilovich, Keltner, Chen, Nisbett, 2019), particularly siblings and parents first and then so on. This makes sense because family is our first support system and they are the ones most similar. It would only make sense to want to do what we can to help them. If my child and another child both get hurt at the same time, it is automatic for me to check on my child first and then check on the other child.
Reciprocity is the idea that we help others knowing that if we were in that same situation, we would want help (Gilovich, Keltner, Chen, Nisbett, 2019). I think this is especially true if we can relate more to the person. For example, given that I live in a place where there is a high military presence, there are homeless that will hold signs saying they are vets. Some of them may be but quite a few of them are not but they know more people will relate to them if they say they are. Another example is, when I see a mother struggling with her child with special needs in a store, I empathize with her and I want to help if I can.

2. Altruism, which is an unselfish behavior to benefit others without regard to the consequence of themselves, is a hard behavior to explain from an evolutionary perspective (Gilovich, Keltner, Chen, Nisbett, 2019). The two explanations that evolutionary theorist use are kin selection and reciprocity (Gilovich et al., 2019). Kin selection means altruism is a used to increase the chance of survival of genetic relative's (Gilovich et al., 2019). Reciprocity is the reason that people from an evolutionary perspective explain altruistic behavior for someone outside of the direct kin (Gilovich et al., 2019). They use the concept of reciprocal altruism which means that someone helps others with the expectation that they'll be helped at some point in return (Gilovich et al., 2019).

3. The evolution of altruism could be seen in how humans have grown more, whether it be because of economic stability, or being able to fully trust one another in a certain region of the world. What is also seen is that giving, feels good, and may even be healthy for you (Gilovich, 2018) it was seen in a study to increase the longevity of ones self if they were to volunteer. Another example seen is how much conflict their is in the world, a lot of despair and problems have occurred over the past century, these stories are passed down in homes, and may promote a behavior of altruism (Gilovich, 2018) even for myself I remember as a kid seeing ad's in school about sharing and caring and seeing those cheesy ad's on TV about "pass it on" in terms of compassion for one another.

4. One way to explain the evolution of altruism is kin selection because one is more likely to help a relative before helping someone that is not related at all. According to Gilovich, Keltner, Chen, & Nisbett (2019) kin selection is when altruism is used to increase the chances for one's biological relatives' survival. For altruism outside of blood relatives, an explanation is reciprocity. According to Gilovich, Keltner, Chen, & Nisbett (2019) people will help a stranger under the premise that they will be helped in return. For myself, I really beg to differ and think it varies based on the individual and their beliefs. I often help others without any expectations because it feels good to help people.

5. The bystander effect occurs when a person witnesses someone in trouble, but they do not help or get involved in the situation. Reasons they don't offer help could be because they are afraid to help, they may think someone else is already helping or they just do not want to get involved. To increase the likelihood that someone would help me in an emergency that happens in front of a large crowd I would try my best to be that person that helps someone in a large crowd. I would hope that because I stepped in an emergency situation for someone that it would be reciprocated in my time of need. Another way I would attempt to get someone to help is to make eye contact, speak or gesture to someone that I need help. Instead of asking if someone could call 911 I would ask a specific person to call 911. Doing this can make that person feel like they are a part of the situation therefore they need to help.

6. A couple of months ago I was at a Bar/Restaurant. I was off duty and I was with some co-workers (Firefighters and Paramedics). I waitress had her first seizure right in front of us. Bystanders came to her aid but I noticed that a lot of them were trying to help but in the process could have caused more harm than good. I had to calm the bystanders down and give them clear directions. I feel like that is the key to increase the likelihood that someone will help. First you must specifically look at someone and ask for help. Once you've asked for help give them clear and concise directions. For example, you call 911 please. Or do you know if she has any medical problems etc.. If you can communicate and involve someone then they are more likely to help you in your emergency.

PART TWO
A minimum of 100 words each QUESTIONS and References (1 - 3) KEEP QUESTION WITH ANSWER

Question 1. Explain the connection between social rejection and aggression from an evolutionary perspective.

Question 2. Give two examples of how emotions can influence moral judgments.

Question 3. Describe the procedure and results of the Good Samaritan study, and explain how it is an example of a situational determinant of altruism