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1. Do you believe that evolution is progressive? Why or why not? What does the Great Chain of Being (or Scala Naturae) have to do with the notion of progress and goals in evolution? What view does current thinking in evolutionary biology overwhelmingly support?
2. Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a leading cause of respiratory illness (namely pneumonia) in children and the elderly. Intense antibiotic therapy for pneumococcal infections over the last few decades has resulted in the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains. For example, the graph below illustrates changes in resistance to penicillin by pneumococcus bacteria in Icelandic children. The use of penicillin was strongly discouraged starting in the early 1990's with the results illustrated. (Data from Kristinsson, K. G. 1995. Epidemiology of penicillin resistant pneumococci in Iceland. Microbial Drug Resistance 1(2):121-125.)
Question:
Briefly describe the rationale underlying the general hypothesis that the use of antibiotics selects for resistance in bacteria. According to your understanding of coevolution in pathogens and hosts, is the trend toward decreased resistance following reduced use of antibiotics likely to continue? Explain why or why not. Lastly, how would you judge if host-pathogen dynamics such as this one arose due to coevolution?
250 words per question and 1 reference per question
A cell undergoing meiosis produces a daughter cell, during which one nondisjunction event occurs. If the number of chromosomes in a normal diploid cell of this organism (not undergoing cell division) is 38, how many chromosomes are present in this..
Question 1: Deposit feeders would most likely be found on which substrate? Question 2: Fjords are formed as a result of the
Which of the following is NOT a feature of epithelium?
the basic differences between gametophytes and sporophytes, I know that gametophytes are haploid and sporophytesare diploid but I am not quite understanding the interaction between the two generations
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using transgenic bacteria, yeast and plants in biofuel production.
Puts final modifications on membrane proteins and proteins that leave the cell - packages proteins in vesicles (sacs of membrane) [only works with a small subset of proteins, proteins come from ER]
The culture can only withstand a population of 4000 per mL. Tothe nearest hour, when will the stationary phase set in?
One molecule of glucose in the presence of oxygen and a drugthat inhibits the enzyme phosphoglycerokinase. One molecule of PGAL in the presence of oxygen and DNP. One molecule of glucose 6-phosphate in the absense ofoxygen.
Normal immature cell. Process of forming blood. A substance that forms red blood cells. White blood cells I mmature cell in the bone marrow
How many unhybrizdized p orbitals does the central C atom of allene have available for pi bonding.
Which animals have a built in thermostat to maintain constant body temperature?
Find the start codon on the mRNA and enclose it in a box. Replicate the strand by writing the complementary sequence. Label the 5' and 3' ends in the new strand.
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