Reference no: EM133292972
Chapter 11
What is natural selection? When does it occur?
What is macroevolution?
What is microevolution?
Define population genetics
What are the different forms of evidence for evolution? (Ans. Fossils, anatomy and embryology and convergence of form)
Define allopatric speciation
Define sympatric speciation
What are some common misconceptions of evolution (Ans. Evolution is a theory, individuals evolve, evolution explains the origins of life, organisms evolve on purpose, evolution is controversial among scientists)
What is the biological definition of a species?
What are vestigial structures?
What does the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state?
What is adaptation?
Chapter 12
What is phylogeny?
What does scientists in the field of systematics does? (Ans. organize and classify organisms)
Which is the most specific category in the taxonomic classification system (Ans. Species)
What describes the relationship between whales and humans? (Ans. Both evolved from a common ancestor)
What are analogous traits? How analogous traits develop? (Ans. In response to similar environmental pressures)
What are the different assumptions of cladistics?
What is a monophyletic group?
What is molecular systematics?
What is the relationship between the wings of birds and bats? (Ans. They are homologous structures because they share a common ancestor)
What is binomial nomenclature?
Chapter 13
What were the first forms of life on earth?
What is the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
Which two Kingdoms consist of prokaryotic cells? (Ans. Bacteria and Archaea)
What is conjugation in bacteria?
What are the different ways by which protists can reproduce asexually?
What are saprobes?
Which parasitic protist causes malaria?
What is mycorrhiza? (Ans. Close association of a fungus with the root of a tree)
Why are treatments of fungal infections challenging?
Why are fungi beneficial to humans?
Chapter 14
What is the event that leads from the haploid stage to the diploid stage in alternation of generations? (Ans. Fertilization)
What are the benefits of plants having the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually? (Ans. Genetic recombination can occur and plants can adapt to different environments)
Name the different divisions of Bryophytes or nonvascular plants Organisms from which division of Bryophytes slows down erosion, provides food for small and large animals and are often used to monitor air quality?
What is the function of xylem?
What is the function of phloem?
What is the difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms? (Ans. Gymnosperms have naked seeds with no flowers or fruit, angiosperms are flowering plants that may also contain fruit)
Name the male reproductive parts of the flower
Name the female reproductive parts of the flower
What are monocots? (Ans. Have one cotyledon, example corn)
What are dicots? (Ans. Have two cotyledons, example beans)
Chapter 15
What are diploblasts?
What are triploblasts?
What are aceolomates?
What is the difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?
What is fragmentation in sponges?
What specialized cells do cnidarians have that are concentrated around the mouth and tentacles of the animal and can immobilize prey with toxins?
What is the difference between flatworms and nematodes (round worms)? (Ans. Flatworms are acoelomate with most having an incomplete digestive system whereas nematodes are pseudocoelomate with complete digestive systems)
What are the main features of arthropods? (Ans. Presence of fused segmented bodies divided into head, thorax and abdomen and jointed appendages)
What are the three key characteristics of Mollusks?
What are annelids? (Ans. Segmented worms that include earthworms and leeches)
What are examples of Echinoderms?
What are the four key features of chordates?
Which animals possess a backbone, gills, and a central nervous system in at least one phase of development?
What are examples of jawless fishes? (Ans. Hagfishes and lampreys)
What are examples of jawed fishes? (Ans. Sharks, rays, skates, bony fishes)
What are the adaptations that help reduce body weight in birds?
What group of vertebrates have hair and mammary glands used to provide nutrition for their offspring?
Chapter 16
What are endotherms?
What are ectoderms?
What does the urinary system consist of? (Ans. Kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra)
What is the esophagus? What is its function?
What is the function of the small intestine? (Ans. Primarily digestion of proteins, carbs and fats)
What is the function of the large intestine? (Ans. Primarily reabsorption of water from undigested food material)
When does "acid reflux" occur?
What is the function of the trachea?
What are exocrine glands?
What are endocrine glands?
What do arteries do?
What do veins do?
Define synovial joints
Define cartilaginous joints
Define fibrous joints
What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for? (Ans. "Rest and Digest" response)
What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for? (Ans. "Fight-or-flight" response)