Reference no: EM133918935

Questions

Part 1

1. Describe the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?

2. What is the difference between a chromosome, a gene and an allele?

3. What do the terms homozygous and heterozygous mean?

4. What is a teratogen? Provide a few examples.

5. What is a chromosomal disorder? List all of the chromosomal disorders that we learned.

6. Describe the pattern of inheritance for an autosomal recessive disorder and list all of the examples of this type of disorder that we learned.

7. Describe the pattern of inheritance for an autosomal dominant disorder and list all of the examples of this type of disorder that we learned.

8. Describe the pattern of inheritance for an X-linked recessive disorder and list all of the examples of this type of disorder that we learned.

9. Describe the pattern of inheritance for an X-linked dominant disorder and list all of the examples of this type of disorder that we learned.

10. What are some of the common characteristics of down syndrome?

11. What is a vertically transmissible infection? List all the examples that were covered in class.

12. What is the difference between an inherited congenital disorder and an acquired congenital disorder?

13. What is the primary force that moves water from capillaries into the interstitial space?

14. What is the primary force that moves water from the interstitial space into capillaries?

15. What are the components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? Where are each of them produced, which organs/tissues do they act upon and what are their effects? What is the stimulus for activation of this system?

16. List four causes of edema (eg. forces or vascular effects).

17. What are the signs and symptoms of dehydration?

18. Complete the following table:

Electrolyte and imbalance (excess/deficit) Causes Effects

Hyponatremia

Hypernatremia

Hypokalemia

Hyperkalemia

Hypocalcemia

Hypercalcemia

Hypochloremia

Hyperchloremia

Part 2.

1. How is serum potassium related to blood pH?

2. How is serum chloride related to blood pH?

3. What are the three primary mechanisms of buffering blood pH (as discussed in lecture)?

4. What is the effect on blood pH when carbon dioxide is added to the blood? When it is removed?

5. How are metabolic and respiratory acidosis treated?

6. How are metabolic and respiratory alkalosis treated?

7. Complete the following table:

Location produced Location of effect Effects

Renin

Angiotensinogen

ACE

Aldosterone

ADH

Calcitonin

PTH

Vitamin D