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Design a circuit to light a red light-emitting diode (LED). The LED current must be about 10{15 mA and no more! The voltage drop across the diode will be about 1 V, but do not connect a voltage source directly to the diode; the current in the diode is a very strong function of the voltage applied across it, and chances are that the diode current would exceed the maximum allowed if directly connected to a supply voltage.
NOTE:Nominally, the short lead of the diode is the cathode, i.e., the negative lead. However, you can identify the cathode more reliably by noting that one side of the LED's housing has a at spot at the base; the terminal closest to this at spot is the cathode.This word is important! To an engineer, about means within an order of magnitude. So, \about 1 V" means somewhere in the range 0.1{10 V. When you turn on the power supply in your circuit, start it at the low end of that range and slowly increase the voltage until the LED begins emitting light. Of course, make sure you are monitoring the current through the LED as you do this so that you do not exceed the maximum allowable current.
A long-haul optical transmission link is to be designed under the design constraints that (i) the radius of the core is to be no smaller than 4 ?m, and (ii) a numerical aperture (NA) of at least 0.12 is needed to focus optical energy into the fibe..
The RS-232 serial port on a personal computer is transmitting 2400-bit/sec data using a polar NRZ line code that has a peak value of 12 V. Assume that binary 1's and 0's are equally likely to occur.
A copper wire has a diameter of 2.05 mm and carries a current of 5 A due solely to electrons. (these values are common in residential wiring.) Each electron is has a charge of of -1.6 × 10-19 C.
Three equal point charges Q form an equilateral triangle of side length a. How much work is needed to move one charge to the position halfway between the other two
How are errors handled by the different windowing systems What different types of errors can occur and how do these windowing systems handle these different types of errors.
An engineer makes an accurate flux plot for a pair of linecharges. one line charge has a fixed ?=1.00[C/m] and islocated on the x axis at x=-h. The other line charge has f=-0.75[C/m] and is located on the x axis at x=h.
An N-type silicon substrate with the doping density of 1x10 15 cm-3 Arsenic is to be converted into p-type by Boron diffusion, so that the resistivity at T=75C is 5 O-cm. All atoms are fully ionized.
A simple power system consists of a dc generator connected to a load center via a transmission line. The load resistance is 8 ohms. The transmission line is 40km copper wire of 4 cm diameter. If the voltage at the load side is 400 V, compute Volta..
Consider the stable system represented by the differential equation: dx(t)/dt + 3x(t) = u(t) Determine the phase lag for this system if the input u(t) = sin3t.
John take a 1kΩ resistor, the 10μf capacitor, and the 10 mH inductor, and one by one connects them across one of the outlets in his dorm room. How much power is dissipated by each component (as a function of time)
An additional variable power factor load is to be added to the factory. The new load will add 320 kW to the factory. The power factor of the variable power factor load is to be adjusted so that the overall power factor of the factory is 0.96 laggi..
The configuration is shown in Figure 6.5. Use six LEDs as shown in Table 6.1 to represent the outputs. The Time in This State can be met in several ways. One method is to use a debounced switch as input, another to input a 1 Hz clock.
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