Reference no: EM131831864

Responses to Peer's Posts - Please use the format below to respond to each question. You can write 3 to 4 sentences for each question.

*Item Four: Discuss the meaning of this statement: "Research + Common Sense = Effective Teaching."

John said that (paraphrase what John said), and I agree to part of his response when he said....but I wonder if....

*Item Five: Bandura (1997) identified teachers that have strong teacher efficacy. Explain what he meant by the term teacher efficacy.

Include the definition provided in the text-"...the belief that what a teacher does makes a difference".

John said that (paraphrase what John said), ....

Discussion One

Item One: Describe a moral dilemma; then describe how an individual might reason at each stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

You should create your own hypothetical moral dilemma and carry it through the three levels and six stages of Kohlberg's theory.

A moral dilemma is when someone has a conflict when they have to choose between two or more actions. The person has a moral reason for choosing each action they do. The persons' reasoning is what is important, not their final choice.

A dilemma that I came up with is about a little girl who wants to be able to buy a snack at school instead of eating the snack that her parents send her. She knows that her friends keep their snack money in their binders. When working through Kohlberg's stages she would consider the reasoning of each choice she made.

Preconventional Level: The rules are set down by others.

Stage 1: The little girl must decide the consequences of her choices. The little girl could ask her friends for some money, but she knows if her parents found out she would be in trouble.

Stage 2: During this stage, the little girl may think if I help her, she may help me. The little girl tries to trade some of her snacks for the items that her friends bought.

Conventional Level: Adopts rules, and sometimes will subordinate own needs to those of the group.

Stage 3: Put yourself in their situation. She could just take the money while they are not in there, but she knows that if someone did that to her she would be upset.

Stage 4: Laws should be followed and not broken. She really wants to take the money, but she knows that it is wrong and that it is stealing.

Postconventional Level: Ethical principles

Stage 5: Rules and laws can be changed when necessary. The little girl will just continue to eat her own snack that her parents pack for her.

Stage 6: Your inner conscience is a major deciding factor. The little girl will try to figure out a way to earn money so she can buy snack at school and not take the money. She does not want to be a bad person and hurt her friends.

Item Two: Debate the following viewpoint: To establish their identity, adolescents need to separate themselves from their parents so that they can discover who they are, other than being their parent's children. If parents are very strict and controlling, children have to give so much energy to establishing the separation that they don't have the time and effort to give to defining their identity. For this reason, parents and teachers of adolescents would be more helpful if they were lenient with teenagers.

In my opinion, I think that it is very important for adolescents to be able to find themselves. It is important that they figure out who they are and how they fit into this world. I believe that it is important to find a middle ground. You do not want to be overbearing, but you want to make sure you are available for them when needed. During the adolescent's years there will be many mistakes made. As a parent and teacher, it is your reasonability to raise a child to know what is right and what is wro

They should also know that there are consequences to all their actions. The adolescents will need support and guidance. They will need this when then mess up, or when they succeed in life. I believe that if a parent is controlling then the adolescent will not feel comfortable talking to them when they need it the most.

I personally grew up in an environment where I made my own choices and if I chose wrong then I learned from it. My parents raised me to know what is right and what is wrong. From that I made my decisions. If I did mess up they were always there for me. If I needed advice they were there, but if I did not want to talk about it they let me be.

I look back now and I am very thankful they let me make my own decisions, but where always there for me if I needed it. It made me use my own brain to think and make decisions. It made me an independent person. It made me who I am today. I only hope that while raising my own child I do as good a job as they did for me.
Item Three: Define and discuss the term Developmentally Appropriate Practice.

Developmentally appropriate practices are practices that are used to help children learn and develop that is age appropriate. This also focus on the students physical and emotional needs. This technique is used to help children learn and achieve their goals. In order for the teacher to develop appropriate practices her or she must know their student's needs.

These practices should not be easy, but they should be appropriate for their age and ability. It should be challenging enough to progress their learning.

Discussion Two

Item One: Describe a moral dilemma; then describe how an individual might reason at each stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development. You should create your own hypothetical moral dilemma and carry it through the three levels and six stages of Kohlberg's theory.

Juan has a moral dilemma. He lives in a poor neighborhood. Juan is approached by Steve who insists that he transport drugs to a drop point each week or he will no longer provide housing for his family.

Preconventional Level

Stage 1: Juan thinks he should transport the drugs so that his family will continue to have a home.

Stage 2: Juan knows that Steve needs his help and means business. He also knows that helping Steve is wrong and could cause him to go to jail but he doesn't currently have a job so maybe helping Steve would benefit them both.

Conventional Level

Stage 3: Juan does not want to upset Steve so he agrees to transport the drugs.

Stage 4: Juan knows deep down that what he is doing is wrong. It is against the law and he would like to be a good example for his kids.
Postconventional Level

Stage 5: Juan knows that what he is doing is against the law because it can bring harm to other people.

Stage 6: Juan knows that what he is doing goes against how he believes people should act because it can bring harm to other people including kids that could get their hands on these drugs.

Item Two: Debate the following viewpoint: To establish their identity, adolescents need to separate themselves from their parents so that they can discover who they are, other than being their parent's children. If parents are very strict and controlling, children have to give so much energy to establishing the separation that they don't have the time and effort to give to defining their identity. For this reason, parents and teachers of adolescents would be more helpful if they were lenient with teenagers.

My viewpoint is that adolescents need guidance from their parents and teachers so as to know how young people should act in society. I do not think that teenagers should be given complete freedom to discover who they 'think' they are. As with any society, children should be taught to follows laws, family traditions, and religious traditions. Parents need to provide some kind of control over their teenagers so they know the boundaries. Boundaries are there to keep order in society.

Item Three: Define and discuss the term Developmentally Appropriate Practice.

Developmentally Appropriate Practice is an education with environments, curriculum, materials, and instruction that are suitable for students in terms of their physical and cognitive abilities and their social and emotional needs. Teachers need to understand how their students think and reason in order to solve problems.

Teachers need to provide students with different activities so they can learn by different means such as visual, hearing, hands-on or experiments. The instructor needs to go beyond lectures and worksheets to teach content to the class. They need to watch the students and determine how they learn best and then teach methods that engage the students.