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Derive the entropy increase across a reaction wave in a perfect gas mixture for fixed initial stagnation state. Show that the entropy at the CJ detonation state is greater than the entropy at the CJ deflagration state, and that the minimum entropy increase occurs for a constant-pressure combustion process. The entropy increase can be used to evaluate propulsion efficiencies in steady engines using different modes of combustion; the penalties growing with entropy increase. For engines operating with stationary combustion waves, where the entropy increase throughout the steady flow of the engine occurs mainly across the combustion wave, evaluation of the entropy generation should be referenced to the upstream stagnation state. Hence, for this type of engines, the analysis indicates that constant pressure combustion is most beneficial. On the other hand, the static reference state (Problem 7.3) is more appropriate for engines operating unsteadily, such as a pulsed device where the gas is ignited intermittently. Consequently, for a given static initial state, detonations appear to be more efficient than deflagrations based on entropy generation across the combustion wave. (Foa 1960; Wintenberger & Shepherd 2006)
Calculate the actual speed of the plane
An electrical engineer constructs a cylindrical solenoid of area 6 cm2 and length 20 cm from 160 m of thin wire. How much energy can the inductor store
Two photons are produced when a proton and an antiproton annihilate each other. What is the minimum frequency and corresponding wavelength of each photon?
question1the pattern if intensity i versus position x shown below is measured on a wall 20nbspmeters from a set of n
A 80 bike racer climbs a 1500 -long section of road that has a slope of 4.3 degrees. By how much does his gravitational potential energy change during this climb
The drawing shows a rectangular block of glass (n = 1.52) surrounded with liquid carbon disulfide (n = 1.63). A ray of light is incident on the glass at point A with a θ =29.0° angle of incidence. At what angle of refraction does the ray leave the gl..
18 g of helium gas are placed in a cylinder with a movable piston. The gas is compressed very slowly from a state of ( p1 = 5.5atm, v1 = 32.7 × 10^3 m3) to a state of (p2 = 17atm, v2 = 11 × 10^3 m3 )
2 mol of a diatomic ideal gas expand adiabatically and quasi-statically. The initial temp of the gas is 300K, What is the final temp of the gas
A double speed trap is set up on a freeway. One police cruiser is hidden behind a billboard, and another is some distance away under a bridge. How far apart are the two cruisers
The gas in a cylindrical container has a pressure of 1.0 multiply.gif 105 Pa and is at room temperature (293 K). What is the final temperature of the gas
you have a concave spherical mirror with a 11.5-cm radius of curvature. you place an object on the mirrors axis 17.7 cm
An object that is launched straight up from the ground reaches maximum height H and falls straight back down to the ground, Express the average speed over the entire trip as a function of H and T
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