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1. Define tissue, organ and organ system. 2. What are the three characteristics of a homeostatic control mechanism and what is the function of each characteristic? 3. Define homeostasis. 4. What is the difference between a negative and positive feedback mechanism? 5. What are the three components of a cell? 6. What is the basic structure of the plasma membrane? What are the molecules associated with the plasma membrane? 7. What are microvilli, cilia and flagella and what are their functions? 8. What are the three special membrane junctions and what are their functions? 9. List the active and passive transport mechanisms. 10. What is the difference between simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis? List examples of molecules that use each type of transport mechanism. 11. What is meant by moving up (against) or down (with) a concentration gradient? 12. What is the function of the sodium/potassium pump? 13. What is the difference between exocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis? 14. List the different organelles, their basic structures and main functions (same info as in table within notes). 15. What is found in the nucleus? 16. What is the difference between chromatin, chromosome and chromatid? 17. What is the difference between the mitotic phase and interphase of the cell cycle? 18. List the different steps of mitosis and the basic function of each step. 19. How many chromosomes are in a cell's nucleus? 20. How many homologous pairs of chromosomes are in a cell's nucleus?
Fatty acids are "amphipatic". What is meant by this term and how does an amphipathic molecule behave in water? Draw a diagram to illustrate your answer.
The KM of a Michaelis-Menten enzyme for a substrate is 1.0 x 10-4 M. At a substrate concentration of 0.2 M, νo = 43 μM x min-1 for a certain enzyme concentration. However, with a substrate concentration of 0.02 M, νo has the same va..
A large asteroid hits the Earth, and alters its axis tilt from 23.5 degrees to 10 degrees.
What is the probability of each of the above arrangements occurring? (v) Given that Julie is a carrier, which of the above arrangements must be correct?
When researchers inhibited mTORC1, the genes related to autophagy (ATGs) were not expressed. What does this suggest about the regulation of ATG expression?
When chromatin from any eukaryote is digested with micrococcal nuclease and fractionated using electrophoresis, DNA fragments of approximately two hundred base pairs in length are observed.
With the completion of the human genome and the identification of various genes, it may be possible to determine whether an individual has a particular disease.
A novel drug has been developed to boost white blood cell production in sick patients. However, drug has serious side effects and it is estimated that it should only be used if WBC concentration reduced to 2,000 cells per microliter.
Consider two diallelic loci A (A1 and A2) and B (B1 and B2). The following haplotype frequencies are observed: A1B1 = 0.2, A2B2 = 0.45, A1B2 = 0.15, A2B1 =0.2. Calculate the extent of linkage disequilibrium (D abs).
Why would it be difficult for just one person to see what a population of birds is doing and what are the obstacles
Propose two ways the photosynthesis process be improved. If the sequence TCGTA was used as a template in DNA replication, what will the sequence of bases be on the newly synthesized strand.
The genome of a particular bacterium is approximately 4 million base pairs. If this bacterium can complete a round of DNA replication in 40 minutes, how fast must its replisome travel?
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