Reference no: EM133930260
Questions
Part 1.
1. Components of the urinary system include
A) two kidneys
B) two ureters
C) one urinary bladder
D) one urethra
E) All of these are correct.
2. Which of the following is a function of the kidneys? *
A. remove the metabolic waste carbon dioxide
B. filtering the blood to allow toxins, metabolic wastes, excess fluid and excess ions to leave the body
C. distribute blood to the rest of the body
D. produce heat
E. None of the above are correct
3. Each of the following is normally reabsorbed by the kidneys EXCEPT *
A. urea
B. Sodium
C. glucose
D. amino acid
E. all of the above
4. The layer of the kidney superficial to the renal medulla is the *
A. renal pelvis
B. renal minor calyx
C. renal major calyx
D. renal cortex
E. renal papilla
5. Place the following structures in the order in which urine would normally pass through them. 1. ureter 2. renal sinus 3. renal pelvis 4. major calyx 5. minor calyx *
A. 2, 5, 4, 3
B. 5, 4, 3, 1
C. 2, 4, 5, 1
D. 1, 4, 5, 3
E. 3, 4, 5, 2
6. Which pressure reinforces glomerular filtration? *
A) mean arterial pressure
B) blood colloidal osmotic pressure
C) glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure
D) capsular colloidal osmotic pressure
E) pressure from life
7. What is(are) the Process(es) of the Nephron? *
A) filtration
B) reabsorption
C) secretion
D) all of the above are correct
E) none of the above are correct
8. Which components of the urinary system makes the flow of urine discontinuous *
A. nephrons
B. ureters
C. urinary bladder
D. minor calyx
E. All of these are correct.
9. Where does the fluid flow next after the Bowman's capsule? *
A. distal convoluted tubule
B. proximal convoluted tubule
C. descending limb of the loop of henle
D. ascending limb of the loop of henle
E. none of the above are correct
10. Normal constituents of urine include all of the following EXCEPT: *
A. RBC
B. large protein
C. creatinine
D. urea
E. a and b are correct
Part 2.
1. The tubuloglomerular mechanism of renal autoregulation *
A) acts more quickly than the myogenic mechanism.
B) adjusts GFR more effectively in response to low blood pressure than to high blood pressure.
C) is based on the response of cells in the macula densa to levels of Ca+2 and HCO3-.
D) uses ADH to adjust the diameter of the afferent arteriole.
E) depends upon feedback from the macula densa to the afferent arteriole based on NaCl levels.
2) The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) *
A) secretes 80-90% of the HCO3- generated by tubular cells.
B) reabsorbs 100% water.
C) reabsorbs 100% Sodium.
D) reabsorbs 100% of glucose and 65% water.
E) reabsorbs NH3 and ammonia.
3. The loop of Henle *
A) counter current exchanger
B) counter current multiplier
C) renal corpuscle
D) all of the above are correct
E) none of the above are correct
4. A patient has insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, which has damaged her kidneys filtration membrane. As the disease have progressed, the edema she experiences has worsened. Why? *
A) Liver damage prevents her from making sufficient plasma proteins, thus lowering her BCOP.
B) Kidney damage allows some of her plasma proteins to be excreted, thus lowering her BCOP.
C) Kidney damage allows little fluid to accumulate in the Bowman's capsule, lowering her CHP.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
5) The Filtration Membrane is composed of *
A) endothelial cells
B) basement membrane
C) simple squamous epithelial cells (podocytes)
D) all of the above are correct
E) none of the above are correct
6. The functional units of the kidney is(are): *
A) nephrons
B) minor calyx
C) renal pelvis
D) bladder
E) all of the above are correct
7. Once the filtrate enters the _________________, then it is called urine *
A) distal convoluted tubule
B) collecting duct
C) minor calyx
D) bowmans capsule
E) none of the above are correct
8. A blood laboratory finding for a patient with chronic renal failure is(are): *
A) increased creatinine
B) decreased creatinine
C) increased water
D) decreased urea
E) all of the above are correct
9. ADH will influence _____________________, at the distal convoluted tubule *
A) sodium reabsorption by aquaporins opening
B) water reabsorption by aquaporins opening
C) water reabsorption by sodium reabsorption occurring first
D) all of the above are correct
E) none of the above are correct
10. Aldosterone will influence _____________________, at the distal convoluted tubule *
A) sodium reabsorption by aquaporins opening
B) water reabsorption by aquaporins opening
C) water reabsorption by sodium reabsorption occuring first
D) all of the above are correct
E) none of the above are correct