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Why do microbes use fermentation? What occurs during fermentation?
1. Compare and contrast aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation.?1. How do antibiotics work? Why do they kill pathogens without harming us?2. Describe the structure of the plasma membrane. How does the membrane work to prevent/allow molecules to move in and out of cells? Define in your own words: diffusion, osmosis, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.3. Name and sketch the three common morphologies of microbial cells.4. What is peptidoglycan? Describe the pieces that make-up peptidoglycan. Describe and sketch the structure of peptidoglycan. [THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT!]5. Sketch and describe the structure of a gram positive cell wall and a gram negative cell wall. Contrast the two. [NOTE: This is one of the most important concepts in microbiology that we will never be done with during this semester. LEARN IT NOW! This will also definitely be on your exam...]6. Describe Mycobacterium with Mycolic acid.7. What is a glycocalyx? What are the two types?8. One prokaryotic feature not mentioned in the text is called fimbriae. Fimbriae are short protein, hair-like projections that help bacteria attach to surfaces. Sometimes these are called pili but fimbriae is a newer, more precise term for this structure.9. Another prokaryotic feature not mentioned in the text is a pilus. A pilus allows one bacterium to connect to another bacterium and exchange DNA in a process called conjugation. This allows bacteria to acquire genes from other bacteria.10. Read page 294 (old and new book) about biofilms. Biofilms are made by bacteria with fimbriae that secrete a glycocalyx. Describe one place you can find a biofilm.11. What three parts compose a prokaryotic flagellum? What is the purpose?12. What is taxis? Describe negative chemotaxis in non-scientific terms.13. Where do bacteria store their DNA? What type of DNA do bacteria have? What do bacteria use to build proteins?14. What allows bacteria to survive harsh conditions? What is this made of? How is this structure formed? Which genera of bacteria can form this structure?15. What is an organelle? Which type of cell has organelles: prokaryotes, eukaryotes, or both?16. Name the main purpose (in just a few words) of the following Eukaryotic organelles:a. Nucleusb. Ribosomesc. Cytoskeletond. Flagella & ciliae. Mitochondriaf. Chloroplastg. Golgi bodyh. Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)i. Vesicles (including perioxisomes and lysosomes)17. What is the endosymbiotic theory? Which organelles does this apply to?18. Prokaryotes have both a glycocalyx and a cell wall. Eukaryotes like plants have a ______________ but not a _______________. Eukaryotes like animals have a _____________ but not a _____________.
Was there any noticeable effect on the germination rate of the radish seeds as a result of the pH? Compare and contrast the growth rate for control with the alkaline and acidic solutions.
Determine which water cycle processes are represented in this model and by what components?
What procedure ensures that pre-mRNA processing is co-transcriptional? Disucss ow are all three steps of processing sequentially controlled?
Gene technology carries with it social and ethical implications—many of which engender personal views and discussion.
Snouters are small critters that live on both sides of Ohio River. A population on the north side of the Ohio River is fixed for an allele for blue feet.
Explain a species using criteria that are used to determine if two populations are the same species along with a discussion of the procedure of speciation with instance.
Which magnification was most helpful in making this determination? What optical principles are involved here and describe the role of each.
Is it harder to prove a hypothesis than to disprove it? Suppose you wanted to establish that cheetahs are fastest land animals, and suppose you've the ability to clock any animal moving at its top speed.
what is Carbonic anhydrase of red blood cells. If 10g of pure carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the hydration of 0.30g CO2 in one minute at 37 degrees C under optimal conditions, calculate the turnover number of carbonic anhydrase.
What are the causes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? What is the typical prognosis for GERD and how is it treated.
Why were there complaints then about night-blindness, bone demineralization, and blood-clotting problems. If they have a large family, in what ways have to the colorblindness trait affect their children.
It is frequently when the environment changes in some way that is unfavourable to an existing population that the organisms begin to reproduce sexually. Explain the importance of this switch from asexual to sexual reproduction.
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