Combining a pentavalent element with a semiconductor leaves

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The addition of impurities is known as doping. When elements with a valance number of 5 (pentavalent impurity) are added, the silicon or germanium is referred to as N-type; if elements with a valance number of 3 (trivalent impurity) are added, the silicon or germanium is referred to P-type.

2. Combining a pentavalent element with a semiconductor leaves one free electron available for current flow (free electrons make a material a good conductor). Electrons are negatively charged; therefore electron flow is from the negative to the positive potential (electron current flow). Increasing the pentavalent doping increases the amount of free electrons; therefore increasing the materials conductive capability. The increase in free electrons increases the materials negative charge; hence the name N-type material. In an N-type substance, electrons are considered the majority carriers.


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