Certain to have extrinsic intentionality

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Questions

1. Which of the following is not something that is held by the identity theory?

Mental states are brain states

Brain states cause non-physical mental states

There are only physical substances and physical properties.

The mind is the (active) brain

2. Which of the following is true about causation?

Causation can never be direct.

Correlation necessarily implies causation

The concept of causation is clear and unanimously agreed upon by scientists and philosophers

Two things are causally related when one thing (the cause) is responsible for bringing about the other thing (effect)

3. Which of the following was one of the reasons for preferring Identity Theory over Cartesian Dualism?

Identity Theory is more intuitive.

Identity Theory is less parsimonious

Identity Theory is more complex

Identity Theory provides a more straightforward account of how the mind causes the body to move and how the body causes mental states.

4. Suppose Sally and Sarah are identical twins. The kind of identity that describes the relation between Sally and Sarah is:

loose identity

substantial identity

fraternal identity

strict identity

5. "The person who committed the recent killings is the person who was on the video we just saw." In the sentence above, the word 'is' is being used as:

an 'is' of reduction

an 'is' of predication

an 'is' of conjunction

an 'is' of identity

6. Suppose Billy is the person who recently vandalized the local public library.

If the person who recently vandalized the local library has a tattoo on his right arm, then, according to Leibniz's Law:

Billy has a tattoo on his right arm.

Billy may or may not have a tattoo on his right arm

Billy is not the person who vanalized the local public library.

Billy has a tattoo on his left leg

7. Which of the following illustrates the general concept of multiple realizability?

Plastic is a material that can realize many different kinds of things: spoons, forks, knives, etc.

A spoon can be realized/actualized by many different kinds of material: wood, metal, plastic, etc.

A spoon can be realized/actualized only by an immaterial thought within the mind of its creator

Artifacts like a spoon can only be conceived when we realize that we can multiply fractions

8. Which of the following captures the first problem with Identity Theory (that involves multiple realizability)?

Identity Theory violates causal closure of the physical realm

Identity Theory seems to require that you are a physical being in order to have mental states like pain.

Identity Theory seems to make it necessary that alien organisms have mental states like pain.

Identity Theory seems to make it impossible for alien organisms to have mental states like pain.

9. Which of the following best captures the argument from Ockham's Razor?

Ockham's Razor argues that the theory that cuts and divides ontology into two kinds is automatically wrong; thus, Cartesian Dualism should be rejected.

Between Cartesian Dualism and Identity Theory, Ockham's Razor favors Identity Theory; thus, we should accept Identity Theory over Cartesian Dualism.

Ockham's Razor states that we should cut out all unnecessary theories and only keep science. Since Identity Theory is a scientific theory and Cartesian Dualism is not, we should cut out Cartesian Dualism

Between Cartesian Dualism and Identity Theory, Cartesian Dualism fits best with Ockham's Razor; thus, we should reject Cartesian Dualism.

10. Which of the following best captures the important challenge facing the Argument from Ockham's Razor that we discussed during lecture?

Can Identity Theory explain the shifting cognitive functions over varying environmental contexts?

Can Identity Theory provide a full explanation of how it is that the mind is a non-physical, non-spatial entity?

Can Identity Theory fully explain central, important features of the mind, especially those that Cartesian Dualism can explain?

Can Identity Theory account for the possibility of phenomenal properties of the mind, in particular qualia?

11. Which of the following best captures the Argument from Science?

Science has been, and continues to be the source of our best explanation, and Cartesian Dualism is anti-scientific. So, we should accept Identity Theory over Cartesian Dualism.

Descartes was against science, and Cartesian Dualism comes from Descartes. However, science has the best track record when it comes to giving us the best explanation of natural phenomena. Thus, we should reject Cartesian Dualism.

Science proves that the mind just is the brain, and that there is no such thing as a non-physical mind or soul. Thus, we should jettison all notions of non-physical entities, and thus reject Cartesian Dualism.

Science has been, and continues to be the source of our best explanation; so, we should expect the best explanation of the mind to come from science, which implies that the mind must be a purely physical thing, since science uses only physical concepts to explain phenomena.

12. The second part of the Argument from Science concludes that identity theory is true given that science will likely give a full explanation of mental states, and scientific explanations use only physical concepts in their explanations. Which of the following best captures the challenge to this inference?

It remains obvious that the mind and its various states can be given such a reductive explanation.

It remains a matter of debate whether or not the mind and its various states can be given such a reductive explanation.

There is an inverse relation between the simplicity of a theoretical explanation and the scope and power of the explanations that can be given by the theory.

The reductive project is actually one that attempts to eliminate mental concepts and show them to be nonsensical.

13. Which of the following best captures the notion of intentionality?

Something has intentionality when it represents or is about the tendency or intention of things

Something has intentionality when it is able to do things with intention.

Something has intentionality when it does something that it willfully intends to do.

Something has intentionality when it is of or about or representational of something.

14. Which of the following is said to have intrinsic intentionality?

Referring terms in a natural language

Pictures

Conscious thoughts and perceptions

Signs and symbols

15. Which of the following is certain to have extrinsic intentionality?

Proper names

The particular thought that Earth revolves around the Sun

Mental representation, or idea, of XXXTentacion (in case you don't know, a rap artist who passed away).

Visual perceptions

Reference no: EM133986125

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