Reference no: EM134000906
Questions
1. Tasha is afraid of clowns. While walking through the county fair, she comes face-to-face with Bongo the Clown making balloon animals for children. Because of the phobia, Tasha's _______________ sends a signal to many areas of the brain, including the hypothalamus and the periaqueductal gray, to react with fear.
lateral amygdala
dorsal thalamus
ventral hippocampus
central amygdala
superior colliculus
2. Which of the following is one of the examples given in the textbook for the study of play behavior in animals?
videos of crows sliding on their back down an icy rooftop
tickling a rat and measuring high-pitch vocalizations that are akin to laughter
two dolphins throwing a fish back and forth as if they are playing catch
pups in a pack of hyenas playing tag with each other
a Japanese macaque creating snowballs and rolling them down a hill
3. Which of the following would NOT be considered a stressor for most people?
running a half-mile
worrying about whether you'll get a well-paying job after you graduate in two years
watching a horror movie about a killer clown
taking a final exam on biopsychology
All of the above are stressors.
4. Which of the following would NOT be considered an acute stressor?
riding a rollercoaster
almost being hit by a person on a bicycle while crossing the street
working in an office where the boss constantly hurls insults at the employees
running the 100-meter dash
seeing a rattlesnake on a walking path 10 meters away
5. In the HPA axis, what does the A stand for?
amygdala
adrenal gland
anterior cingulate gyrus
axon
amylase
6. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is released from the
anterior pituitary.
posterior pituitary.
hypothalamus.
adrenal cortex.
amygdala
7. Glucocorticoids are released from the
anterior pituitary.
adrenal gland.
hypothalamus.
amygdala.
thymus gland.
8. There is growing evidence that experiencing trauma, neglect, and high levels of stress in childhood can lead to several problems in adulthood, including addiction, depression, heart disease and increased risk of cancer. The study that found these correlations by tracking children through adulthood is called the
adolescence trauma study (ATS).
adverse childhood experiences study (ACEs).
cradle to grave study (C2G).
nation childhood stress study (NCS).
early stress outcomes study (ESO)
9. Which of the following is considered non-associative learning?
classical conditioning
habituation
instrumental conditioning
operant conditioning
More than one of the above is correct.
10. Every time a bell is rung, a dog is given cheesy bacon snacks. After three trials the dog salivates one drop of saliva when he hears the bell, after 20 trials-three drops, and after 40 trials-five drops. This building up of a conditioned response is known as
association building.
bonding.
acquisition.
indoctrination.
attainment.
11. Ronald is trying to teach his dog, Bosco, to sit. Ronald says "sit," and if the Bosco sits, Ronald gives Bosco a doggy snack. After a while, when Ronald says "sit," Bosco sits. According to Thorndike's theoretical law of effect, what did Bosco learn?
If Bosco sits, he gets a snack.
When Bosco hears "sit," he knows he will get a snack soon.
When Bosco hears "sit," he salivates.
When Bosco hears "sit," this causes him to sit.
A connection between Ronald and a snack.
12. In the biological process of sensitization, the interneuron releases the neurotransmitter ________ at the axon terminal of another (sensory) neuron.
dopamine
serotonin (5-HT)
acetylcholine
glutamate
GABA
13. According to the work on the cellular mechanism of sensitization, an interneuron creates an axoaxonic connection, ultimately causing _________ channels to remain closed, keeping the synapse in a state of depolarization and increasing the release of neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic neuron.
Group of answer choices
Ca++
K+
Cl-
Mg++
Na+
14. Delayed-response tasks are often used to investigate the neurobiology of
spatial memory.
working memory.
long-term memory.
episodic memory.
sensory memory.
15. Which of the following is the best example of episodic memory?
A person salivates when they encounter the smell of baking cookies.
A person can close their eyes and visualize the drive home.
A person recalls a picnic at the beach last June.
A person remembers the color of their best friend's car.
A person remembers, briefly, having just walked past a fire hydrant.
16. Of the following brain areas, which plays the most significant role in semantic memories?
the cerebellum
the amygdala
the medial and inferior temporal lobe
the caudate nucleus
the hypothalamus
17. Which of the following disorders is associated with alcohol abuse, causing thiamine deficiency and problems with memory?
Korsakoff syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Alzheimer's disease
Meniere's syndrome
Cleidorhizomelic syndrome
18. A light is shown several times when giving an animal food. Food naturally makes the animal salivate, and now the light makes the animal salivate. In this example, the food is the ______________ stimulus.
conditioned
habituated
unconditioned
preconditioned
19. Arya bought a new fish tank, and the sounds of bubbles keep her from sleeping well. After several days, the bubbles don't produce any response and do not affect sleep. This is because Arya has _____________ to the sound of the bubbles, which is a type of non-associative learning.
conditioned
responsed
uncoditioned
habituated
20. Neurons that are active at the same time change their structure so that signals are sent more efficiently between the neurons. These structural changes can last a long time. This is Hebb's rule and the physiological representation of that is called ________-___________. ___________.
long-term potentiation
upside-down conditioning
second-chaining learning
james-lange theory