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Describe the journey of a hypothetical enveloped (-) RNA virus through three basic host barriers to infection: Physical b arriers, Innate immune response and adaptive immune response. After overcoming physical barriers, how are viruses recognized at each step, what cells are involved, what soluble factors are involved, which adaptive immune effector cells recognize F and N viral proteins and how is the virus eliminated at each step? For simplicity, let's assume the only the Fusion Protein (F) and Nucleoprotein (N) are recognized by the adaptive immune response (500 words max).Part BAlmost all viruses have to produce viral proteins that aid evasion of the host immune response. For each of the viral proteins listed below, explain why the activity described would enable the virus to avoid immune response. What aspect of the immune response does the protein inhibit (intrinisic, innate or adaptive) Limit response to 4-5 sentence/protein.a) In addition, to facilitating transcription of viral genes, the P protein also inhibits the TAP1 transporter located in the membrane of the ER membrane.b) In addition to coating the viral RNA, the N protein inhibits the host enzyme PKR.c) Matrix protein M bines to the host myd88 protein and inhibits its ability to transduce signals in the cell.
Joe Average has just been frightened by a very loud noise as he was taking a very difficult physiology exam. In response, his adrenal glands have released a large amount of adrenaline into his circulation. Which of the effects would you expect to ..
Under constant erosion and weathering, the pyrites leech large amounts of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The spoil banks are also mixed with large quantities of basic limestone and clay carbonates. What have to occur over time.
1. In a genetic mapping experiment in corn, genes A and B appear to be 50 map units apart. You know that gene A is on Chromosome 12. Do you think that this means that gene B is on chromosome 12 also?
Draw the cell of insect at prophase 1 of meiosis showing the location of each gene /allele on the chromosomes.
In the different case of cytosine deaminating to uracil, how does a repair mechanism determine which base to repair?
Explain the probability that the first child of parents who are heterozygous for both traits will show the achondroplasia however not the Huntington's disorder?
larry and lola little have schondroplasia, a form of dwarfism. Both are heterozygotes. Their son, big bob little is 7'1". Use a Punnett square to show how big bob got his genotype.
The hormone adrenalin increases cardiac output. Briefly explain the parameters that affect cardiac output and discuss how adrenalin can change these parameters.
As part of a research team exploring ocean caverns, you come across a foreign object of interest. You must estimate if the object is a life form.
You are to convert the 5 mM fumaric acid in a waste stream into malate using fumarase immobilized on nonporous spherical particles. The enzyme has a turnover number of 23/sec, and a Km of 1.55 mM.
In a 1973-74 situation comedy All in the Family, the character Archie Bunker says, Let me tell you something about beer, You can never buy beer, you can only rent it.
Suppose that the Temperature is 37C and the Membrane Potential is -60mV, with the interior negative with respect to the exterior of the cell.
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