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Early in development, most human cells turn off expression of an essential component of telomerase, the enzyme responsible for addition of telomere repeat sequences (5' TTAGGG 3') to the ends of chromosomes. Thus, as our cells proliferate, their telomeres get shorter and shorter, but are normally lost over the course of a lifetime. If cells are removed from the body and grown in culture, they ultimately enter a state of replicative senescence and stop dividing when their telomeres get too short. By contrast, most tumor cells, in humans and in cell culture, express active telomerase allowing them to maintain their telomeres and grow beyond the normal limit imposed by senescence. Anticipating a universal cure for cancer, you set up a company to screen chemical ‘libraries' for telomerase inhibitors. The company share price takes a tumble, when a rival group generates a strain of mice from which the telomerase genes have been deleted. These mice breed happily for several generations, but by the 6th generation (when their telomeres are much shorter than those of normal mice), they have a greatly increased tendency to die of tumors. The tumors tend to arise in tissues that show high proliferation rates, such as testis, skin, and blood. Why has this observation shaken the confidence of your investors? Is there a flaw in your hypothesis?
Discuss why is even weak selection still stronger than drift in very large populations at non-neutral loci?
Explain how cells meet their energy requirements through the process of fermentation in absence of oxygen along with the examples.
In analyzing a big sample of yeast colonies on a petri dish, a geneticist finds an abnormal looking colony that is very small. This small colony was crossed with wild type, and products of meiosis were spread on a plate to produce colonies.
Explain in molecular detail how scientists could develop antibiotics that contact multiple sites on rRNAs and /or r-proteins within the bacterial ribosome.
What is the advantage of having a cerebrum that is highly convulated? What term is used to indicate its grooves? Its outward folds? What groove divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres? What divides the parietal from the frontal lobe? The parietal f..
In the fruit fly, the wild type purple eye color is produced through a combination of brown xanthommatin and bright-red drosopterin pigments.
Compare the divisions of the autonomic nervous system's effect on heart rate and stroke volume.how to Describe an action potential.
define how the axonal membrane potential is restored. Describe how resting ionic distributions are maintained.
Fluid accumulates in bellies of children with kwashiorkor. Describe how protein helps regulate fluid balance to explain why this occurs?
Data from enzyme kinetic studies of an enzyme at specific substrate concentration. Data below also include from studies with town different inhibitors.
A microscope that gives the total magnification of 1500X, however image is too blurry to be useful. What might be the problem with this microscope.
Result of mitosis is that daughter cells end up with the similar number of the chromosomes just as the parent cell. This is obtained through the chromosome duplication followed by the cell division.
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