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When a small size magnet is laid in two uniform magnetic fields and which are at right angles to each other, the magnet comes to rest at an angle θ with respect to BH such that B=BHtanθ This is called tangent law.
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Tangent galvanometer : It is an instrument which can detect/measure very small electric currents. It is also known as moving magnet galvanometer. It has of three circular coils of insulated copper wire wound on a vertical circular frame made of nonmagnetic material as wood or ebonite. A small size magnetic compass needle is pivoted at the centre of the vertical circular frame. This needle moves freely in a horizontal plane inside a box made of nonmagnetic substance. When the coil of the tangent galvanometer is kept in magnetic meridian and current passes through any of the coil then the needle at the centre gets deflected and comes to an equilibrium position under the action of two perpendicular field : one due to horizontal component of earth and the other due to field set up by the coil due to current (B).
In equilibrium B=BHtanθ where B = μoni/2r; n = number of turns, r = radius of coil, i = the current to be measured, θ = angle made by needle from the direction of BH in equilibrium.
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