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In an electric field rate of change of potential with distance is known as potential gradient. It is a vector quantity and it's direction is opposite to that of electric field. Potential gradient relates with electric field according to the following relation E = -dV/dr; This relation gives another unit of electric field is volt/meter. In the above relation negative sign indicates that in the direction of electric field potential decreases.
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In field around a charged particle distribution we can also write 
where Ex = -dV/dx, Ey = -dV/dy, and Ez = -dV/dz,
With the help of formula E = -dV/dr, potential difference between any two points in an electric field can be determined by knowing the boundary conditions
Definition: If a charge Q displaced from one point to another point in electric field then work done in this process is W = Q * ΔV where ΔV Potential difference between the two position of charge Q.(ΔV = EΔrcosθ) where θ is the angle between direction of electric field and direction of motion of charge).
Work done in terms of rectangular component of and : If charge Q is given a displacement 
in an electric field . The work completed is 
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As electric field is conservation, work done and hence potential difference between two points is path independent and depends only on the position of points between which the charge is moved.
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