Metropolitan Area Network (MAN);
A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a larger version of LAN as it interconnects several LANs located in a metropolitan area or even a small country.
MANs have medium-sized networks and usually cover a radius of 2.5 to 25 kms. They are bigger than LANs but smaller than WANs. Most MANs cover the area of a city, while some are smaller and can cover just a group of buildings located in a city. It is owned by a group of users or a single organization that provides network services to the users. Ownership of these networks can also be similar to public utilities. MANs are characterized by high speed network capabilities and they allow sharing of regional resources. Though MAN is one of the classifications of computer networks, in reality, these networks are rarely to be seen.
Wide Area Network (WAN):
A WAN is a computer network that covers a large geographical area, generally a country or a continent. These networks are used for connecting two or more LANs so that the users and computers of one location can communicate with those located at other places. WANs are bigger than LANs and MANs. The computers covered by a WAN can be connected through public networks like the telephone lines. These systems can also be connected through satellites or leased lines. WANs are used by multinational organizations to share information and other resources across geographic areas.
The Internet is an excellent example of a WAN. Several LANs and MANs are connected together to form the Internet. WANs facilitate large-scale coverage and sharing among computer systems. These networks cover areas that span 1,000 to 10,000 kms. However, these networks also suffer from security related issues. This is because WANs suffer from a greater chance of hacking as they can be accessed by users located worldwide.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs):
In order to provide security for business and corporates and government related services on the Internet a technology called Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) has been implemented, The major advantage of a VPN is that it enables a company to use the Internet to establish secure intranets between its distant branch offices, manufacturing plants, etc. These networks use virtual connections which are routed through the Internet from the company's network to the remote area.
The goal of all VPNs is to enable the deployment of logical networks, independent of their physical topology. VPNs enable a geographically dispersed group of hosts to interact with the help of an extended LAN. They ensure a high degree of security over the network. They transfer information by encrypting and encapsulating it into data packets and sending the packets over the Internet.
Most VPNs are built and maintained by Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Companies generally outsource their networks to save money on acquiring and managing their own equipment and bandwidth requirements.
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